ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Target cells for steroid hormones contain receptor proteins in their:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Steroid hormones (e.g., cortisol), lipid-soluble, cross cell membranes to bind receptor proteins in the nucleus, altering gene expression. Cell membrane receptors suit peptide hormones (e.g., insulin). Nuclear membrane or nucleoplasm lack specific steroid receptors nucleus houses them broadly. Nuclear binding drives steroids' slow, genomic effects, distinguishing them, critical for their regulatory role, unlike membrane-based signaling.
Question 2 of 5
A client with diabetes mellitus asks the nurse how insulin injections help to control this disease. The nurse's best response is that the hormone insulin acts to lower blood glucose by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin, from pancreatic beta cells, lowers blood glucose by transporting glucose into cells (via GLUT4 receptors), promoting storage as glycogen and fat. Glycogenolysis (glucose from glycogen) and gluconeogenesis (new glucose synthesis) raise glucose, glucagon's actions. Liver glucose release counters insulin insulin inhibits it. Glucose uptake distinguishes insulin's role, key to diabetes management, restoring cellular access lost in type I or resisted in type II, unlike glucose-mobilizing processes.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), from the posterior pituitary, regulates fluid/electrolyte balance by increasing kidney water reabsorption, concentrating urine. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) controls cortisol, luteinizing hormone (LH) governs reproduction neither directly manage fluids/electrolytes. 'All' is incorrect. ADH's role distinguishes it, vital for osmoregulation, contrasting with stress or reproductive hormones.
Question 4 of 5
Cushing's disease is a disorder caused by
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cushing's disease results from excess cortisol, often from pituitary ACTH overproduction, causing weight gain, hypertension, and bone loss. Low cortisol (Addison's) or aldosterone imbalances (Conn's syndrome) differ. High cortisol's systemic effects distinguish Cushing's, critical for diagnosis, contrasting with deficiencies or mineralocorticoid issues.
Question 5 of 5
The walls of the atria produce which hormone?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), from atrial walls, reduces blood volume/pressure by promoting sodium/water excretion. Cholecystokinin aids digestion, renin (kidneys) raises pressure, calcitriol (vitamin D) manages calcium. ANP's atrial origin distinguishes it, vital for cardiovascular homeostasis, contrasting with digestive or renal hormones.