Systemic allergic responses to insects are attributed to IgE antibody response caused primarily by

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) hymenoptera. Systemic allergic responses to insects, such as anaphylaxis, are primarily caused by IgE antibody response to venom proteins injected during insect bites or stings. Hymenoptera insects, including bees, wasps, and ants, are common triggers of systemic allergic reactions due to their venom composition. Ticks (option A), spiders (option B), and scorpions (option D) are not typically associated with systemic allergic responses mediated by IgE antibodies. Ticks can transmit diseases like Lyme disease, but their bites do not usually trigger IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Spiders and scorpions may cause local skin reactions or systemic symptoms, but these are not IgE-mediated allergic responses like those seen with hymenoptera venom. Understanding the specific insects that can cause systemic allergic responses is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in pediatric nursing. Prompt recognition and management of allergic reactions are essential in providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients who may be at risk for insect-related allergies. Educating patients and families about insect avoidance strategies and emergency response plans can also help prevent serious allergic reactions in children.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of diagnosing possible urticarial vasculitis, the correct answer is option A) urticarial lesions that persist at different locations for >24 hr. Urticarial vasculitis is characterized by urticarial lesions that last more than 24 hours, unlike typical urticaria which resolves within 24 hours. These persistent lesions can indicate a deeper vascular involvement requiring further investigation through a skin biopsy for definitive diagnosis. Option B) those with non-pigmented or non-purpuric components is incorrect because the presence of pigmented or purpuric components is not a defining factor for recommending a skin biopsy in urticarial vasculitis. The key factor is the persistence of lesions. Option C) those that burn more than itch is incorrect as the sensation of burning or itching is a subjective symptom that may vary among individuals and is not a reliable indicator for the need of a skin biopsy in this context. Option D) those with associated collagen vascular diseases is incorrect because while urticarial vasculitis can be associated with collagen vascular diseases, the primary indication for a skin biopsy in suspected urticarial vasculitis is the persistence of urticarial lesions. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for nurses specializing in pediatric care as it helps in the accurate assessment and management of skin conditions in children. Recognizing the need for a skin biopsy in cases of suspected urticarial vasculitis can lead to timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment interventions, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 1-4 weeks. In serum sickness, which is a type III hypersensitivity reaction, symptoms typically resolve within 1-4 weeks after discontinuation of the offending agent. This time frame allows for the immune system to clear the circulating immune complexes responsible for the symptoms. Option A) 1-4 days is too short a time period for the immune system to fully resolve the reaction and clear the immune complexes. Option C) 5-8 weeks and Option D) 9-12 weeks are prolonged durations for resolution of serum sickness symptoms. While symptoms can persist for some time, they usually resolve earlier than 5 weeks, so these options are incorrect. In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the timeline for resolution of serum sickness is crucial for providing appropriate care. Nurses need to monitor symptoms, educate patients and families about the expected course of the condition, and ensure timely follow-up with healthcare providers. Knowledge of these timelines helps in managing patient expectations and providing effective support during the recovery process.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 25%. In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the prevalence and severity of food allergies in children. Research indicates that approximately 25% of children with food allergies experience severe anaphylactic reactions, which can be life-threatening. This knowledge is essential for pediatric nurses to provide timely and appropriate interventions to prevent and manage anaphylactic reactions in children under their care. Option A) 15% is incorrect because it underestimates the prevalence of severe anaphylactic reactions in children with food allergies. Option C) 35% and D) 45% are also incorrect as they overestimate the percentage, which could lead to potentially dangerous assumptions or inadequate preparedness in managing these reactions. Educationally, understanding the prevalence of severe anaphylactic reactions in children with food allergies helps nurses prioritize their care, provide education to families on prevention measures, and ensures readiness to intervene effectively in case of an emergency. This knowledge not only improves patient outcomes but also enhances the overall quality of pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Vasculitis is inflammation of blood vessels, which can have various causes. In this case, the correct answer is C) penicillamine. Penicillamine is a medication used to treat conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and Wilson's disease but can also cause drug-induced vasculitis as a rare side effect. Option A) isoniazid is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and is not typically associated with causing vasculitis. Option B) sulfonamide is another type of antibiotic that can rarely cause vasculitis but is not a common cause compared to other drugs. Option D) calcium channel blockers are medications used to treat high blood pressure and angina, and while they can cause side effects, vasculitis is not a typical one. In a pediatric nursing context, understanding the potential causes of vasculitis is crucial for providing safe and effective care to children with this condition. Recognizing drug-induced vasculitis and being aware of the medications that can lead to it is essential for pediatric nurses to ensure early detection, appropriate management, and prevention of complications. This knowledge also highlights the importance of medication reconciliation and monitoring for adverse effects in pediatric patients.