ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drugs Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
Synthesis and release of thyroid hormones are controlled by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones are controlled by a complex feedback loop involving multiple glands and organs. The hypothalamus secretes thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then acts on the thyroid gland to stimulate the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). The blood levels of thyroid hormones provide feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary to regulate the secretion of TRH and TSH, completing the feedback loop. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the control of thyroid hormone synthesis and release involves the interaction of multiple glands and is not solely regulated by any single gland or factor.
Question 2 of 5
Antibody is a protein substance produced in the blood or tissues in response to a specific antigen, such as a bacterium or a toxin that destroys or weakens bacteria and neutralizes organic poisons, thus forming the basis of immunity. This consideration is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Antibodies are indeed protein substances produced in response to specific antigens. 2. Antibodies work by binding to antigens, marking them for destruction. 3. Antibodies play a crucial role in immune response and immunity. 4. Therefore, the statement accurately describes the role and function of antibodies. Summary: - Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the function of antibodies. - Choice B is incorrect as antibodies do play a role in immunity. - Choice C is incorrect as it implies all statements are true. - Choice D is incorrect as antibodies do exist and have a specific function.
Question 3 of 5
Immunomodulating agent is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all three choices (Sirolimus, Levamisole, and Tacrolimus) are immunomodulating agents that work by modifying the immune response. Sirolimus inhibits T-cell activation, Levamisole enhances immune function, and Tacrolimus suppresses T-cell activation. Each agent targets specific components of the immune system to regulate the immune response. Therefore, the correct answer is D as all the listed options are immunomodulating agents. Choice A, Sirolimus, is an mTOR inhibitor used in immunosuppression. Choice B, Levamisole, is an immunostimulant used in treating parasitic infections. Choice C, Tacrolimus, is a calcineurin inhibitor used in immunosuppression.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following antienzymes is a fibrinolysis inhibitor?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Aminocaproic acid. Aminocaproic acid is a known fibrinolysis inhibitor that works by preventing the breakdown of blood clots. It does this by inhibiting the activation of plasmin, the enzyme responsible for breaking down fibrin clots. Clavulanic acid and sulbactam are both beta-lactamase inhibitors used in combination with antibiotics to prevent bacterial resistance. Disulfiram is an alcohol deterrent used in the treatment of alcoholism and does not have any direct relation to fibrinolysis inhibition.
Question 5 of 5
Niacin’s most common side effects can be reduced by pretreatment with aspirin and/or by taking the drug at the end of meals. This consideration is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Niacin commonly causes side effects like flushing and itching due to prostaglandin release. 2. Aspirin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, reducing niacin-induced flushing. 3. Taking niacin with meals slows absorption, minimizing side effects. 4. Therefore, pretreatment with aspirin and taking niacin at the end of meals can reduce its side effects. Summary: - Choice B is incorrect as the statement is true based on the rationale provided. - Choice C is incorrect as it implies all options are true, which is not the case. - Choice D is incorrect as the statement is true, so none of the choices are correct.