Symptoms of somatoform disorders are variable during childhood. Of the following, the symptom that is often present during early childhood is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding somatoform disorders in children is crucial for accurate assessment and intervention. The correct answer, option A - recurrent abdominal pain, is often present during early childhood as a symptom of somatoform disorders. Young children may have difficulty expressing emotions verbally and may somatize emotional distress into physical symptoms like abdominal pain. Option B - headaches, can occur in somatoform disorders but are less commonly associated with early childhood presentations. Headaches are more prevalent in older children and adolescents. Option C - neurologic symptoms, are less likely to be associated with somatoform disorders in childhood. These disorders primarily manifest as physical symptoms without an underlying medical cause. Option D - insomnia, is also less common in early childhood somatoform disorders. Sleep disturbances may occur but recurrent abdominal pain is a more typical presentation. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing age-appropriate symptoms of somatoform disorders in pediatric patients. By understanding typical presentations at different developmental stages, nurses can provide targeted care and support for children experiencing somatoform symptoms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the manifestations of different mental health disorders in children to provide appropriate care. In the case of a 9-year-old boy experiencing periods of mania alternating with depression, the hallmark of mania is the decreased need for sleep, making option D the correct answer. Excessive talking (option A) and excessive giggling (option B) are more commonly associated with hypomania or manic episodes in adults rather than children. While these symptoms can occur in pediatric mania, they are not as specific or consistent as the decreased need for sleep. Racing thoughts (option C) are also a common symptom of mania, but they are not as consistent or specific as the decreased need for sleep in children. Understanding these distinctions is vital in pediatric nursing as it guides the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of children with mental health disorders. Recognizing the specific symptoms of mania in children can lead to early intervention and better outcomes for the child's overall well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding childhood-onset schizophrenia is crucial for early identification and intervention. The correct answer, D, states that negative symptoms are most frequent in early childhood and later adolescence. This is true as research indicates that negative symptoms, such as social withdrawal, apathy, and lack of emotional expression, are often prominent in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Option A is incorrect because childhood-onset schizophrenia does not necessarily indicate a milder form of the disorder. In fact, early onset is associated with more severe symptoms and poorer outcomes. Option B is incorrect as childhood-onset schizophrenia is actually more prevalent in boys than girls. Option C is incorrect because hallucinations in childhood-onset schizophrenia are typically auditory or visual rather than tactile. Educationally, knowing these distinctions is vital for nurses working with children and adolescents. By understanding the unique presentation of schizophrenia in this population, healthcare providers can offer timely and appropriate care, support families, and collaborate effectively with mental health professionals to optimize outcomes for these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding somatoform disorders is crucial as they impact a child's physical and emotional well-being. The correct answer, option B) asthma, is not considered a somatoform disorder. Asthma is a respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, whereas somatoform disorders involve physical symptoms without a clear organic cause. Option A) conversion reaction is a somatoform disorder where psychological distress is expressed as physical symptoms. This can manifest as paralysis or blindness without a known medical explanation. Option C) hypochondriasis is characterized by excessive worry about having a serious illness despite reassurance from medical professionals. Option D) pain disorders are somatoform disorders where pain is the predominant symptom, often leading to significant distress and impairment. These disorders are not explained by a known medical condition. Educationally, differentiating between somatoform disorders and medical conditions is essential for pediatric nurses to provide holistic care to children. Recognizing the psychological components of somatoform disorders can help nurses support children and families in managing these complex conditions effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the treatment of enuresis (bedwetting) is crucial in promoting the child's physical and emotional well-being. The correct answer, D) having the child launder the soiled sheets, is not an appropriate treatment for enuresis. This option is punitive and can be damaging to the child's self-esteem and emotional health. A) enlisting the cooperation of the child is important as it empowers the child to be an active participant in their treatment, fostering a sense of responsibility and control. B) having the child void before retiring is a common recommendation to help reduce the likelihood of bedwetting episodes during the night by ensuring the bladder is emptied before sleep. C) using alarms is a behavioral intervention that helps the child wake up when they start to wet the bed, promoting awareness and potentially aiding in conditioning the child to recognize the need to wake up to void. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare providers to understand the sensitive nature of enuresis treatment in children. Approaches should be supportive, non-punitive, and focused on empowering the child to take an active role in their care. By explaining the rationale behind the correct and incorrect options, healthcare providers can make informed decisions when caring for children with enuresis, promoting effective and compassionate treatment strategies.