ATI RN
Assessment of the Genitourinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Symptoms of prostate cancer include:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prostate cancer is a serious health concern that can manifest with various symptoms related to urinary function. The correct answer, option D, "All of the above," is the most appropriate choice because prostate cancer can present with a combination of symptoms, including nocturia (frequent urination at night), an intermittent stream of urination, diminished force of urinary stream, urgency, difficulty initiating the stream of urine, and increased frequency of urination. Option A, "Nocturia and intermittent stream of urination," is partially correct as these can be symptoms of prostate cancer, but it does not encompass all possible symptoms. Option B, "Diminished force of urinary stream and urgency," also captures some symptoms of prostate cancer but is not comprehensive enough. Option C, "Difficulty initiating stream of urine and frequency," similarly includes some symptoms but does not cover the full range typically associated with prostate cancer. Educationally, it is essential to understand the varied presentations of prostate cancer symptoms to facilitate early detection and timely intervention. By recognizing a constellation of symptoms, healthcare providers can recommend appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment options, ultimately improving patient outcomes. This question underscores the importance of comprehensive assessment and clinical knowledge in identifying potential genitourinary issues like prostate cancer.
Question 2 of 5
What information should be taught to a patient taking oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan) for incontinence?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B) Be sure to notify your physician if you experience a heart rate of less than 60 per minute. Rationale: 1. **Correct Answer (B)**: Oxybutynin chloride is an anticholinergic medication that can cause side effects like tachycardia. Monitoring heart rate is crucial as bradycardia (heart rate less than 60) can be a serious adverse effect that needs immediate medical attention. 2. **Incorrect Answers**: - A) Drinking fluids or using hard candy for dry mouth is a common side effect of oxybutynin but does not pose immediate health risks compared to bradycardia. - C) Oxybutynin can be taken with or without food, so taking it on an empty stomach is not necessary for better absorption. - D) Avoiding citrus fruits is not a specific requirement for patients taking oxybutynin. 3. **Educational Context**: - Teaching patients about potential side effects and when to seek medical help is essential in medication management. Understanding the significance of monitoring heart rate can prevent serious complications. - Educating patients on the specific instructions related to their medication helps in optimizing therapeutic outcomes and minimizing risks associated with medication use.
Question 3 of 5
Which important functions of regulation of water balance and acid-base balance occur in the distal convoluted tubes of the nephron?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A) Secretion of H+ into filtrate. The distal convoluted tubules (DCT) of the nephron play a crucial role in the regulation of water balance and acid-base balance. In the DCT, hydrogen ions (H+) are actively secreted into the filtrate to regulate the body's pH by excreting excess acids or reabsorbing bicarbonate ions to maintain alkaline balance. This process helps in maintaining the acid-base equilibrium within the body. Option B) Reabsorption of water without ADH is incorrect as the reabsorption of water is mainly regulated by antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the collecting ducts, not in the distal convoluted tubules. Option C) Reabsorption of Na+ in exchange for K+ is incorrect as this process primarily occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule, not in the distal convoluted tubule. Option D) Reabsorption of glucose and amino acids is incorrect as this process occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule, where most of the essential nutrients are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. Understanding the specific functions of each part of the nephron is essential for students studying the genitourinary system. The DCT's role in regulating water and acid-base balance highlights the intricate processes involved in maintaining homeostasis in the body. Students must grasp these concepts to comprehend the body's physiological mechanisms fully.
Question 4 of 5
The male patient is admitted with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). What urination characteristics should the nurse expect to assess in this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a male patient admitted with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the nurse should expect to assess for the characteristic of hesitancy in urination. This is the correct answer because BPH, a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, can obstruct the flow of urine from the bladder, leading to difficulty initiating urination. Option A, Oliguria, refers to decreased urine output, which is not typically associated with BPH. Hematuria, option C, is the presence of blood in the urine and may indicate other conditions such as infections, kidney stones, or cancer, but is not a typical symptom of BPH. Option D, Pneumaturia, is the presence of gas in the urine and is not a common symptom of BPH. Educationally, understanding the urinary symptoms associated with BPH is crucial for nurses to provide appropriate care and interventions for patients with this condition. By recognizing hesitancy as a common symptom, nurses can facilitate early detection, management, and support for patients experiencing BPH-related urinary issues. This knowledge enhances the quality of care provided to patients with genitourinary conditions.
Question 5 of 5
Which characteristic is more likely with acute pyelonephritis than with a lower UTI?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because fever is more commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis, which is an infection of the renal parenchyma, compared to lower UTIs that primarily affect the bladder and urethra. Dysuria, urgency, and frequency can occur in both types of UTIs but may be more severe in acute pyelonephritis.