Symptoms of cystitis include

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric genitourinary nursing interventions, understanding the symptoms of cystitis is crucial for accurate assessment and timely intervention. The correct answer, option D) suprapubic pain, is indicative of cystitis in pediatric patients. Cystitis, or inflammation of the bladder, commonly presents with symptoms such as suprapubic pain due to irritation of the bladder lining. This symptom is specific to genitourinary issues and is a key indicator for diagnosing cystitis. Option A) fever is not typically a primary symptom of cystitis in pediatric patients. While some children may develop a low-grade fever as a response to infection, it is not a defining characteristic of cystitis. Option B) polyuria, or increased urination, is a more common symptom of conditions such as diabetes or urinary tract infection, rather than cystitis specifically. While polyuria can occur in some cases of cystitis, it is not a consistent or defining symptom for this condition. Option C) nausea is a nonspecific symptom that can occur in various illnesses and conditions. While some children with cystitis may experience nausea, it is not a primary symptom associated with this condition. Educationally, understanding the specific symptoms of cystitis in pediatric patients helps nurses and healthcare providers differentiate it from other genitourinary issues. By recognizing key symptoms like suprapubic pain, healthcare professionals can provide timely and appropriate interventions to manage and treat cystitis effectively in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric genitourinary nursing, understanding when prompt surgical repair is indicated in ureteropelvic junction obstruction is crucial for providing optimal care to infants. The correct answer, D) hematuria after minimal trauma, is not an indication for prompt surgical repair in this context. Hematuria after minimal trauma is more suggestive of a renal parenchymal injury rather than ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Surgical repair in ureteropelvic junction obstruction is typically indicated in cases where there is a risk of renal damage or functional impairment. Option A) solitary kidney is a high-risk factor that may necessitate prompt intervention to preserve renal function. Option B) abdominal mass could indicate a secondary complication requiring intervention. Option C) bilateral severe hydronephrosis indicates significant obstruction and potential renal damage if not addressed promptly. Educationally, understanding the nuances of when surgical intervention is indicated in pediatric genitourinary conditions helps nurses make critical clinical decisions that impact patient outcomes. Recognizing the different clinical presentations and indications for intervention ensures appropriate and timely care for infants with ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Augmentation cystoplasty is a surgical procedure commonly performed in pediatric patients with bladder dysfunction. Complications post-surgery are essential to understand for pediatric genitourinary nursing interventions. The correct answer, option B - metabolic alkalosis, is not a typical complication of augmentation cystoplasty. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by elevated pH and bicarbonate levels in the blood, usually associated with conditions like vomiting or diuretic use, not directly related to this surgical procedure. Bladder calculi (option A) can occur due to changes in bladder function post-surgery, leading to mineral deposits. Malignant neoplasm (option C) is a potential long-term complication due to the increased risk of malignancy in the augmented bladder. Urinary tract infection (option D) is a common complication post-augmentation cystoplasty due to changes in bladder dynamics and presence of foreign materials. Understanding these complications is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients post-augmentation cystoplasty. It allows for early identification, intervention, and prevention of potential adverse outcomes, ensuring optimal patient care and outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric genitourinary nursing, understanding the relationship between family history and nocturnal enuresis is crucial for effective intervention. The correct answer is D) 70% because a positive family history significantly increases the likelihood of a child experiencing nocturnal enuresis. Genetic predisposition, inherited bladder abnormalities, and familial stressors can all contribute to this condition, making it more prevalent in children with a family history of enuresis. Option A) 10% is incorrect because the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in children with a positive family history is much higher than this conservative estimate. Option B) 30% is also incorrect as it underestimates the impact of familial factors on the occurrence of enuresis. Option C) 50% is closer to the actual prevalence but still falls short of the substantial influence of family history on the condition. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of considering familial factors when assessing and managing pediatric genitourinary issues. By understanding the strong correlation between family history and conditions like nocturnal enuresis, nurses can provide more targeted interventions and support for affected children and their families. This knowledge underscores the need for comprehensive assessments that take into account both genetic and environmental influences on pediatric health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric genitourinary nursing, understanding priapism, a prolonged and painful erection unrelated to sexual stimulation, is crucial. High-flow priapism is typically caused by a disruption in the normal venous drainage of the penis, leading to increased arterial flow without adequate venous outflow. Option B, perineal trauma, is the most common cause of high-flow priapism in children. Trauma to the perineum can result in arteriovenous fistulas, causing increased blood flow to the penis, leading to priapism. This makes option B the correct answer. Sickle cell disease (option A) is commonly associated with low-flow priapism due to vaso-occlusion of the penile vasculature. Sildenafil (option C) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor used to treat erectile dysfunction and is not a common cause of high-flow priapism. Leukemia (option D) is not a typical cause of high-flow priapism in pediatric patients. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing different types of priapism and their respective etiologies in pediatric patients. Understanding the underlying causes can guide appropriate nursing interventions and treatment strategies for this potentially serious condition.