Sydnocarb causes:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for the correct answer (A): Sydnocarb is a stimulant drug known to decrease fatigue, enhance professional work performance, and combat drowsiness. This aligns with the statement in choice A. The drug does not induce feelings of prosperity, relaxation, or euphoria (choice B), as it is not a psychoactive substance. Sydnocarb does not cause an influx of physical and mental forces or excitation of locomotive and speech (choice C), as it primarily targets fatigue and alertness. Additionally, Sydnocarb does not exhibit peripheral sympathomimetic action (choice D), which involves mimicking the effects of the sympathetic nervous system on peripheral organs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Identify benzodiazepine derivatives - Midazolam is a benzodiazepine derivative used as an intravenous anesthetic. Step 2: Eliminate other options - Thiopental is a barbiturate, Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic, and Propofol is a sedative-hypnotic. Step 3: Verify knowledge - Benzodiazepines like Midazolam act on GABA receptors, producing sedative and anxiolytic effects. Step 4: Confirm choice - Midazolam's pharmacological profile aligns with a benzodiazepine derivative used for anesthesia. Summary: Midazolam (A) is the correct answer as it is a benzodiazepine derivative, while the other choices (B, C, D) represent different classes of intravenous anesthetics.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Papaverine. Papaverine is a smooth muscle relaxant, hence it decreases gastrointestinal motility. Metoclopramide, Domperidone, and Cisapride are prokinetic agents that stimulate gastrointestinal motility. Papaverine stands out as the exception due to its muscle-relaxing properties.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A decrease in preload. Preload refers to the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole, which affects the stretch of the myocardial fibers before contraction. In heart failure, preload is typically increased due to volume overload, not decreased. A cardiac lesion impairing cardiac output (A) is a common cause of heart failure. An increase in peripheral vascular resistance (B) can contribute to the pathogenesis by increasing afterload. An increase in sodium and water retention (D) is associated with volume overload and exacerbates heart failure symptoms. In summary, a decrease in preload is not normally involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because lidocaine can cause adverse reactions such as hypotension, paresthesias, and convulsions due to its effects on the central nervous system. Extrapyramidal disorders can also occur. A: Agranulocytosis and B: Leucopenia are not characteristic adverse reactions of lidocaine. D: Bronchospasm and dyspepsia are not typically associated with lidocaine use. Therefore, the correct choice is C as it aligns with lidocaine's known adverse reactions.