SVT

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) is crucial for providing safe and effective care to young patients. The correct answer, "B) Adenosine helpful in management," is the most appropriate option. Adenosine is a common medication used to treat SVT by slowing down the heart rate and restoring normal sinus rhythm. This intervention is effective and commonly used in clinical practice. Option A, "A) HR . 220 /min," is incorrect as a heart rate of 220 beats per minute is extremely high and indicative of SVT, but it does not offer a management strategy. Option C, "C) Beat to beat variation is not present," is incorrect because in SVT, there is typically a regular, rapid heart rate without beat-to-beat variation. Option D, "D) Valsalva maneuver is a treatment method," is incorrect because while the Valsalva maneuver can be attempted as a vagal maneuver to try and slow down the heart rate in some cases of SVT, it is not a definitive treatment method and adenosine is usually preferred. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to be familiar with the management of SVT in children, including the use of adenosine. Understanding the appropriate interventions for SVT can help nurses provide timely and effective care, ensuring positive outcomes for their pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding cardiovascular conditions like coarctation of the aorta is essential for providing safe and effective care to young patients. In this case, the correct answer is option C: "Radio femoral delay is a feature." This is because coarctation of the aorta often presents with a characteristic finding of delayed or diminished pulse in the femoral artery compared to the radial artery. Option A, "Associated with Turner's syndrome," is incorrect because although Turner's syndrome is associated with various cardiovascular anomalies, it is not directly linked to coarctation of the aorta. Option B, "Commonest is preductal type," is incorrect as coarctation of the aorta is more commonly seen in the postductal type. Option D, "Systolic BP in lower limb is higher than in upper limb," is incorrect because in coarctation of the aorta, there is typically higher blood pressure in the upper extremities compared to the lower extremities due to the obstruction in the aorta. Educationally, understanding the characteristic clinical manifestations of coarctation of the aorta, such as radio femoral delay, helps nurses and healthcare providers in early recognition, timely intervention, and appropriate management of this condition in pediatric patients. Recognition of these key features can lead to better outcomes and improved quality of care for children with congenital heart defects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and cardiovascular pharmacology, the correct initial treatment choice for a symptomatic patient with isolated pulmonic stenosis is balloon catheter valvuloplasty (Option C). This intervention involves using a balloon catheter to dilate the stenotic pulmonary valve, improving blood flow through the pulmonary artery. Option A, closed surgical blade valvotomy, and Option B, open surgical valvotomy, involve surgical procedures that are more invasive and carry higher risks compared to the less invasive balloon catheter valvuloplasty. In pediatric patients, less invasive approaches are preferred whenever possible to minimize risks and promote faster recovery. Option D, Blalock-Taussig shunt, is not the initial treatment of choice for isolated pulmonic stenosis. A Blalock-Taussig shunt is typically used in patients with cyanotic congenital heart defects to increase pulmonary blood flow. Understanding the appropriate initial treatment for pediatric patients with cardiovascular conditions like pulmonic stenosis is crucial for nurses caring for these patients. Balloon catheter valvuloplasty is a safe and effective intervention that can significantly improve the symptoms and outcomes of children with isolated pulmonic stenosis, making it the preferred choice in this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). In this case, the symptoms of tachycardia, tachypnea, poor feeding, continuous machinery murmur, wide pulse pressure, and prominent apical impulse are indicative of PDA. A PDA is a congenital heart defect where the ductus arteriosus, a normal fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, fails to close after birth. This leads to abnormal blood flow between the aorta and pulmonary artery, causing the symptoms seen in the infant. Now, let's examine why the other options are incorrect: A) Pulmonic stenosis: Typically presents with a systolic ejection murmur and right ventricular heave, not the symptoms described. B) Aortic stenosis: Symptoms would include a systolic ejection murmur and possibly a thrill, not continuous machinery murmur. C) Ventricular septal defect: Would present with a harsh holosystolic murmur, not a continuous machinery murmur and wide pulse pressure. Understanding pediatric cardiovascular conditions is crucial for nurses caring for infants with congenital heart defects. Recognizing the specific signs and symptoms of each condition is vital for timely intervention and appropriate management to improve outcomes for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) severe aortic stenosis. Aortic stenosis is a congenital heart defect characterized by narrowing of the aortic valve, leading to reduced blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. In pediatric patients, severe aortic stenosis can present with symptoms such as chest pain, fatigue, and in severe cases, heart failure. Option B) patent ductus arteriosus is incorrect because it is a separate congenital heart defect involving the persistence of a normal fetal connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which can lead to abnormal blood flow in the heart. Option C) Williams syndrome is a genetic disorder that can present with cardiovascular abnormalities, but it is not specifically associated with aortic stenosis. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for pediatric nurses as they care for children with cardiovascular conditions. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of aortic stenosis, as well as other cardiac defects, is essential for timely intervention and management to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes.