Sudiferous glands are also known as:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sudiferous glands, meaning sweat glands, include eccrine (merocrine), which secrete to the skin surface, and apocrine, which secrete into hair follicles both types fall under this term. Sebaceous glands produce oil (sebum), not sweat. Ceruminous glands make earwax, and mammary glands produce milk, neither being sudiferous. Pairing eccrine and apocrine captures the full range of sweat glands, aligning with the definition of sudiferous in skin physiology, making this the correct synonym.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sudiferous (sweat), mammary (milk), and sebaceous (sebum) glands are integumentary, located in the skin or derived from it. The pineal gland, in the brain, secretes melatonin and isn't part of the skin or integumentary system. Its endocrine role contrasts with the exocrine functions of skin glands, excluding it from the integument, making it the correct non-integumentary choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The dermis, the thick layer beneath the epidermis, contains blood vessels for nutrient supply, sweat glands for thermoregulation, and hair follicles for hair growth, making it the skin's structural and functional core. The epidermis, the outer layer, is avascular and lacks glands or follicles. The hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue), below the dermis, has fat and some vessels but typically not sweat glands or hair follicles, which are dermal. 'Subcutaneous tissue' repeats hypodermis, not altering its role. The dermis's rich composition, supporting skin vitality and appendages, confirms it as the correct layer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Eccrine sweat glands produce sweat mainly of water and electrolytes (e.g., sodium, chloride), secreted to the skin surface for cooling and minor waste excretion. Sebum, an oily lipid mix, is from sebaceous glands. Melanin is a pigment, not in sweat. Blood plasma, while fluid, contains proteins and cells not found in eccrine sweat, which is filtered and simpler. This watery, salty composition enables evaporative cooling, distinguishing eccrine sweat's role in thermoregulation, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The epidermis produces new skin cells via mitosis in the stratum basale, where keratinocytes divide to replenish the upper layers, eventually forming the stratum corneum. The dermis supports with connective tissue and glands, not cell generation. The hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue) provides fat and anchoring, not new cells. The epidermis's regenerative capacity, driven by basal stem cells, sustains skin renewal, making it the correct layer.