Sudden collapse in the presence of cutaneous symptoms in a previously healthy child should raise suspicion of

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric care, sudden collapse in a previously healthy child with cutaneous symptoms is a red flag for anaphylaxis, making option B the correct choice. Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can manifest with cutaneous symptoms like hives, itching, and flushing, along with respiratory and cardiovascular compromise leading to collapse. Prompt recognition and treatment with epinephrine are crucial in managing anaphylaxis. Option A, vasovagal collapse, typically occurs in response to triggers like pain or emotional distress, leading to a temporary drop in heart rate and blood pressure. While it can result in fainting, it is not associated with cutaneous symptoms and is usually benign. Options C and D, aspiration and pulmonary embolism, are less likely in this scenario as they typically present with different symptoms such as respiratory distress, chest pain, and coughing. Aspiration involves inhaling a foreign substance into the airway, leading to respiratory symptoms, while pulmonary embolism is a blockage in the pulmonary artery causing sudden shortness of breath and chest pain. Educationally, understanding the distinguishing features of different conditions presenting with collapse is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing the signs of anaphylaxis and knowing the appropriate interventions can help prevent adverse outcomes in children experiencing severe allergic reactions. This knowledge reinforces the importance of thorough assessment, rapid decision-making, and effective communication in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cutaneous lupus is a form of lupus that primarily affects the skin. Sulfonamides are implicated in causing drug-induced cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). Sulfonamides like sulfamethoxazole are known triggers for CLE due to their ability to induce an autoimmune response in susceptible individuals. Corticosteroids (Option A) are not typically associated with causing cutaneous lupus; in fact, they are commonly used in the treatment of lupus to suppress inflammation. Allopurinol (Option C) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor used to treat gout and hyperuricemia, and it is not known to cause cutaneous lupus. Beta-lactam antibiotics (Option D) are not commonly implicated in causing cutaneous lupus either. In an educational context, understanding the potential triggers for cutaneous lupus is important for healthcare providers, especially those working with pediatric patients. By knowing which medications can induce this condition, healthcare providers can make informed decisions when prescribing medications to children with lupus or at risk for developing lupus. This knowledge can help in preventing adverse reactions and managing the condition effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) 50%. When one parent has allergies, there is a 50% chance that their child will develop an allergic disease. This is due to the inheritance of atopic traits, which can predispose individuals to allergic conditions. Option A) 15%, Option B) 25%, and Option C) 35% are incorrect because they underestimate the likelihood of a child developing allergies when one parent is affected. Allergies often have a strong genetic component, and the risk is higher than the percentages provided in these options. Educationally, understanding the link between family history and the development of allergic diseases is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in pediatric care. Recognizing this relationship can aid in early identification, prevention, and management of allergies in children. It also highlights the importance of taking a detailed family history when assessing pediatric patients with suspected allergic conditions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of reducing exposure to dust mites, the correct action is to remove carpets from the bedroom and play areas (Option D). Dust mites thrive in carpets, and removing them can significantly reduce the allergen load in the environment. Carpets trap dust, skin flakes, and other particles that serve as food for dust mites, making them a breeding ground for these allergens. Option A, encasing pillows and mattresses in allergen-impermeable encasements, is also an essential action to reduce exposure to dust mites. However, this alone may not be as effective as removing carpets, which are a major reservoir for dust mites. Options B and C are not directly related to reducing exposure to dust mites. While avoiding sleeping or lying on upholstered furniture may help reduce exposure to other allergens like pet dander or pollen, it is not as effective for dust mites. Similarly, while minimizing stuffed toys can help reduce dust accumulation in the bedroom, it is not as critical as removing carpets, which are a primary habitat for dust mites. In an educational context, understanding the importance of environmental modifications in reducing exposure to allergens like dust mites is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric populations. By prioritizing actions like removing carpets and using allergen-impermeable encasements, healthcare providers can better support families in managing allergies and asthma in children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Intranasal corticosteroids are primarily used to reduce inflammation and symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis. Conjunctival injection, which refers to redness in the eyes, is not a symptom that is typically improved with intranasal corticosteroids. A) Nasal congestion: Intranasal corticosteroids are effective in reducing nasal congestion by decreasing inflammation in the nasal passages. B) Rhinorrhea: Intranasal corticosteroids can help reduce rhinorrhea, which is excessive nasal discharge, by decreasing inflammation in the nasal mucosa. D) Sneezing: Intranasal corticosteroids can also help reduce sneezing, which is a common symptom of allergic rhinitis, by addressing the underlying inflammation in the nasal passages. Educationally, understanding the specific symptoms that intranasal corticosteroids target is crucial for healthcare professionals managing pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis. This knowledge helps in appropriate treatment selection and patient education regarding expected outcomes.