ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Substances exchanged at the capillary level move through the capillary walls primarily by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diffusion is the primary mechanism for exchange in capillaries, driven by concentration gradients (e.g., oxygen, CO2). Filtration and osmosis contribute to fluid movement, but diffusion dominates for most substances.
Question 2 of 5
Among the blood tests ordered was a differential count; this test:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A differential count measures the percentage of each type of leukocyte (e.g., neutrophils, lymphocytes) per 100 white blood cells, assessing immune status. RBC and platelet counts are separate tests.
Question 3 of 5
Insufficient vitamin B₁₂ in the body may result in:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency causes pernicious anemia due to impaired RBC maturation (often from lack of intrinsic factor). Nutritional anemia is broader, aplastic anemia affects marrow, and embolus is unrelated.
Question 4 of 5
Which blood constituent adheres to any rough surface?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Platelets adhere to rough surfaces (e.g., damaged endothelium) to form a plug, initiating hemostasis. Thromboplastin is a protein, fibrinogen forms fibrin, and leukocytes don’t primarily adhere.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is discharging a client being treated for hyperlipidemia and hypertension. The client smokes occasionally to decrease stress from work and has just been diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Which of the following client education topics should the nurse include? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Statins manage cholesterol (A), quitting smoking prevents vessel damage (B), and stress management (E) reduces coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Stopping BP meds (C) worsens CAD, and decreasing activity (D) is counterproductive; exercise helps. (Source: Document, p. 5-6; adapted for single-answer format, multi-select noted)