ATI RN
Peter Attia Drugs Cardiovascular Questions
Question 1 of 5
Substances causing narco- and glue sniffings are all of the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Antipsychotic drugs. Narco- and glue sniffing involve inhalation of substances for their mind-altering effects. Antipsychotic drugs are not typically abused for recreational purposes due to their sedative effects and lack of euphoria. Stimulants (choice A), psychedelics (choice C), and sedative drugs (choice D) are commonly misused for their psychoactive properties, leading to addiction and harmful effects on the body. Therefore, antipsychotic drugs do not fit the profile of substances commonly associated with narco- and glue sniffing.
Question 2 of 5
Choose an emetic drug of central action:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Apomorphine hydrochloride. Apomorphine is an emetic drug that acts centrally by stimulating dopamine receptors in the brain, particularly in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. This stimulation triggers the vomiting reflex. A: Ipecacuanha derivatives are peripheral emetics that work by irritating the stomach lining, leading to vomiting. B: Promethazine is an antiemetic drug that works by blocking dopamine receptors and has no emetic properties. C: Tropisetron is a serotonin receptor antagonist used to prevent nausea and vomiting, but it does not induce vomiting itself. In summary, apomorphine hydrochloride is the correct answer as it acts centrally to induce vomiting by stimulating dopamine receptors, whereas the other choices do not have central emetic action.
Question 3 of 5
All of the following are recommended at the initial stages of treating patients with heart failure EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker and is not recommended in the initial stages of treating heart failure. ACE inhibitors and diuretics are commonly used to manage heart failure symptoms, while reduced salt intake is essential to prevent fluid retention. Verapamil can lead to negative effects on the heart in some heart failure patients, making it unsuitable for initial treatment. It is crucial to prioritize medications like ACE inhibitors and diuretics that have proven benefits in managing heart failure.
Question 4 of 5
All these drug groups useful in angina both decrease myocardial oxygen requirement (by decreasing the determinations of oxygen demand) and increase myocardial oxygen delivery (by reversing coronary arterial spasm), EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Potassium channel openers (Minoxidil). Potassium channel openers do not decrease myocardial oxygen requirement or increase myocardial oxygen delivery in angina. Nitrates and nitrite drugs, calcium channel blockers, and beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs all have mechanisms that achieve both of these effects. Nitrates and nitrite drugs dilate coronary arteries, increasing oxygen delivery, and decrease preload, decreasing oxygen demand. Calcium channel blockers reduce myocardial contractility and dilate coronary arteries. Beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs reduce heart rate and contractility, thus reducing oxygen demand. Potassium channel openers like minoxidil primarily act as vasodilators but do not have a direct effect on myocardial oxygen demand or delivery in angina.
Question 5 of 5
The reason of diuretics administration for hypertension treatment is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because diuretics help reduce blood volume and sodium ions, leading to decreased blood pressure. By promoting diuresis, diuretics decrease the workload on the heart and blood vessels, thus helping to manage hypertension. A: Blocking adrenergic transmission is typically done by beta-blockers, not diuretics. C: Depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is targeted by ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, not diuretics. D: Depression of the vasomotor center is related to centrally acting antihypertensive medications, not diuretics.