Studies of estimated mortality related to birth co

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Epidemiology NCLEX Questions Questions

Question 1 of 5

Studies of estimated mortality related to birth control in premenopausal women have shown that

A. at all ages, mortality is greater among women using no contraception than among women using oral contraceptives B. the mortality among women ages 40 to 44 associated with the use of abortion is less than one-twentieth that associated with birth C. death rates associated with the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) are about ten times higher in older than in younger women D. smokers who use birth control pills are at about a 15 percent higher mortality risk

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pregnancy risks exceed OCP risks; B-D speculative, E false (older women higher).

Question 2 of 5

True statements about osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) include

A. it is more than twice as common among women as men of the same age B. the pattern of joint involvement is essentially identical in all races among persons of the same age C. about 50 percent of persons over age 75 have some degenerative joint disease D. hereditary factors are important in Heberden's nodes

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ~50% over 75 have OA; A (slightly higher), B (varies), D (true but not sole) false.

Question 3 of 5

The development of neuropathic symptoms is associated with chronic exposure to all the following substances EXCEPT

A. mercury B. lead C. arsenic D. sulfur dioxide

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: SO2 affects lungs, not nerves; others do.

Question 4 of 5

Based on studies of persons who have been poisoned by chronic exposure, methyl mercury has biologic properties that include an ability to

A. cause atrophy of the cells of the cerebellum and cerebral cortex B. accumulate primarily in the liver and kidneys C. cause restrictive lung disease D. be eliminated from body tissues mostly by the kidney

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Neurotoxicity (e.g., Minamata disease) is key.

Question 5 of 5

True statements about the relationship between mental retardation and ingestion of lead in the U.S. include

A. there are about 2 million children at risk B. effects on the central nervous system are reversible with chelating agents C. diagnosis of lead toxicity is complex D. mental retardation is a late consequence of toxicity

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Diagnosis is challenging; A (varies), B (partly reversible), D (early risk) false.

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Studies of estimated mortality related to birth control in premenopausal women have shown that

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Epidemiology NCLEX Questions Questions

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