ATI RN
NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Streptococcal pharyngitis should be treated with antibiotics to avoid which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as strep throat, is caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. If left untreated, the infection can lead to complications such as poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, which is a type of nephrotic syndrome affecting the kidneys. Antibiotic treatment for streptococcal pharyngitis is important to prevent these potential severe complications, including nephrotic syndrome. Otitis media, acute laryngitis, and hemorrhagic fever are not direct complications of untreated streptococcal pharyngitis.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is teaching the parent of a child newly diagnosed with JRA. The nurse would evaluate the teaching as successful when the parent is able to say that the disorder is caused by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is caused by the immune-stimulated inflammatory response in the joints. In JRA, the body's immune system attacks its own healthy joint tissues, leading to inflammation, pain, and damage to the joints. This chronic inflammation can cause joint stiffness, swelling, and in severe cases, joint deformities. It is not caused by the breakdown of osteoclasts in the joint space (A), the loss of cartilage in the joints (B), or the buildup of calcium crystals in joint spaces (C).
Question 3 of 5
The nurse caring for a 14-year-old girl with DI understands which of the following about this disorder?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is a condition characterized by the inability of the kidneys to conserve water, leading to excessive thirst and excretion of large volumes of dilute urine. Central DI, the most common form in children, is treated with a synthetic form of the hormone vasopressin, also known as desmopressin. Vasopressin helps the kidneys to retain water, thereby reducing urine output and preventing excessive dehydration. Since DI is a chronic condition, treatment with vasopressin is typically required on a lifelong basis to manage symptoms and prevent complications. It is important for healthcare providers to understand the long-term nature of DI treatment in order to provide appropriate care and support to patients with this condition.
Question 4 of 5
a newborn has a meningomyelocele; the nurse should place him in which position:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A newborn with meningomyelocele should be placed in a prone position to prevent trauma or pressure on the lesion. Placing the newborn in the prone position helps prevent the lesion from coming in contact with surfaces and reduces the risk of infection and injury. By positioning the newborn prone, gravity will assist in closing the lesion and reducing the risk of complications. It is crucial to follow this positioning guideline to ensure the infant's safety and well-being.
Question 5 of 5
for a child with meningitis, to monitor him for hydrocephalus you should
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring head circumference is essential in children with meningitis to assess for possible development of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus is a potentially serious complication that can occur following meningitis. An increase in head circumference can indicate the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain due to hydrocephalus. Regularly measuring the head circumference allows healthcare providers to detect any early signs of hydrocephalus and take appropriate actions such as further imaging or intervention. Monitoring for convulsions, assessing pupil size, and watching for vomiting are important aspects of care for a child with meningitis but are not specific to monitoring for hydrocephalus.