ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Stimulation of the internal anal sphincters by the sympathetic nervous system or stimulation of the external anal sphincter by the somatic motor nervous system would
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: inhibit the defecation reflex. Stimulation of the internal anal sphincters by the sympathetic nervous system or stimulation of the external anal sphincter by the somatic motor nervous system leads to constriction of the anal sphincters, preventing the passage of feces. This inhibits the defecation reflex by maintaining continence. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Stimulating the anal sphincters does not promote the defecation reflex; it actually inhibits it. C: Mass movements are related to the movement of feces through the large intestine, not directly influenced by anal sphincter stimulation. D: Inhibiting mass movements is not a direct effect of anal sphincter stimulation.
Question 2 of 5
Each of the following statements about Brunner's glands is correct except
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B Rationale: - Brunner's glands secrete an alkaline mucous-rich fluid for protection, not digestive enzymes. - A is correct as Brunner's glands are found in the duodenal wall. - C is correct as they are located in the submucosal layer. - D is correct as they empty secretions into the crypts of Lieberkuhn, aiding in digestion.
Question 3 of 5
An increase in the ratio of glucagon to insulin would do which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An increase in the ratio of glucagon to insulin signals a state of low blood glucose, promoting lipolysis in adipose tissue to release fatty acids for energy production. Glucagon activates hormone-sensitive lipase in adipose tissue, leading to increased breakdown of triglycerides. This process releases fatty acids and glycerol into the bloodstream to be used as fuel. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choices A and C are incorrect as glucagon promotes glucose production in the liver and inhibits glucose uptake by muscle cells, respectively. Choice D is incorrect as the increased glucagon to insulin ratio has a physiological effect on lipolysis.
Question 4 of 5
A client hospitalized with ulcerative colitis reports 10-20 small diarrhea stools per day, with abdominal pain prior to defecation. The client appears depressed and underweight and is uninterested in self-care or suggested therapies. What is the priority nursing diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements related to nutrient loss. This is the priority nursing diagnosis because the client is underweight and experiencing significant nutrient loss due to the high frequency of diarrhea stools. Addressing the nutritional needs is crucial to prevent further weight loss and malnutrition. Choice A is incorrect because the issue is not just irritated bowel causing diarrhea but also nutrient loss leading to weight loss. Choice C is incorrect as the abdominal pain is not the primary concern in this case. Choice D is incorrect because the client's main issue is related to physical symptoms (nutrient loss and weight loss) rather than coping with the chronic illness.
Question 5 of 5
A client complained of sore throat after the procedure of EG The nurse observed that the client's gag reflex has returne What measure can the nurse take to relieve the client's discomfort?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Provide him with ice chips. Ice chips can help soothe the client's sore throat by providing a cooling effect, reducing inflammation, and numbing the area. This can help relieve discomfort and reduce pain. Providing lots of fluids (Choice A) may be beneficial for hydration but may not directly target the sore throat. Providing nourishments (Choice C) is important for overall health but may not specifically address the sore throat. Providing medications (Choice D) may be necessary in some cases, but starting with a non-invasive and simple intervention like ice chips is often preferred.