ATI RN
NCLEX questions on chemotherapy drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
Stimulation of H-receptors can produce the following effects, choose the false one:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Histamine H1 receptor stimulation causes bronchoconstriction (not dilatation), vasodilation of small vessels, and sensory nerve irritation. H2 receptors mediate gastric secretion.
Question 2 of 5
The following 5-HT antagonist has an antihypertensive effect:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ketanserin, a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, has antihypertensive effects by blocking serotonin-mediated vasoconstriction and also has α1-adrenergic antagonism.
Question 3 of 5
Montelukast is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist, used to treat asthma by blocking bronchoconstriction and inflammation caused by leukotrienes.
Question 4 of 5
A 26-year-old female with a 2-week history of urinary urgency and frequency presents to her primary care physician for evaluation. Urinalysis reveals nitrates, leukocytes, and red blood cells. The physician selects a quinolone antibiotic for treatment of a presumed urinary tract infection. Which of the following organisms would be most sensitive at the lowest drug concentration?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Escherichia coli is the most common cause of UTIs and is highly sensitive to quinolones like ciprofloxacin, which achieve high urinary concentrations and effectively target gram-negative bacteria.
Question 5 of 5
A 34-year-old male patient with HIV disease presents to the walk-in clinic of the emergency department with pain and blurry vision in his right eye. A dilated ophthalmoscopic exam of the right eye reveals a diffuse retinitis. What is the most appropriate treatment for this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ganciclovir is the treatment of choice for cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, a common opportunistic infection in HIV patients with low CD4 counts, targeting viral DNA polymerase to halt replication.