Stimulation by the parasympathetic nervous system will cause the ______ anal sphincter to ______.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for promoting rest and digest functions. The internal anal sphincter is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, specifically the parasympathetic division. When stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system, the internal anal sphincter will relax, allowing for defecation to occur. A: The external anal sphincter is under voluntary control, not affected by the parasympathetic nervous system. B: The external anal sphincter contracts voluntarily, not influenced by the parasympathetic nervous system. C: The internal anal sphincter contracts under sympathetic stimulation, not parasympathetic.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Ghrelin is primarily produced by the stomach to stimulate appetite. Step 2: The pancreas produces insulin and enzymes, not ghrelin. Step 3: The adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol, not ghrelin. Step 4: The liver is not a major site for ghrelin production, making choice D the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because an increase in hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein can lead to increased appetite, reduced energy expenditure, and ultimately promote the development of obesity. Neuropeptide Y stimulates food intake, while agouti-related protein inhibits the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. A is incorrect because a greater proportion of bacteriabetes relative to firmicutes gut microflora is not directly linked to the development of obesity. B is incorrect because a smaller dopamine response to high fat and sugar foods would likely lead to reduced intake, not obesity. C is incorrect because a smaller increase in ghrelin concentrations would lead to decreased appetite, which is not conducive to obesity development.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because reminding the client not to lie down after eating helps prevent acid reflux in GERD. Nursing assistants can provide this basic instruction to promote client safety. Choice A involves sharing strategies that require more in-depth knowledge, not within a nursing assistant's scope. Choice B involves addressing emotional concerns, typically handled by nurses. Choice D involves explaining the rationale, which requires more understanding of the condition, beyond a nursing assistant's role.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because instilling a dye for radionuclide imaging test involves injecting the dye intravenously or orally to allow it to circulate in the bloodstream and be absorbed by the body tissues. IV route ensures rapid and direct entry into the bloodstream for proper distribution. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide the necessary direct access to the bloodstream required for effective distribution of the dye for imaging purposes.