ATI RN
Principles of Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
Steady state is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: When the amount of drug in the body remains constant. Steady state is achieved when the rate of drug administration equals the rate of drug elimination, leading to a constant drug concentration in the body. Option A is incorrect as it only refers to absorption and excretion, not overall drug levels. Option C is incorrect as it specifically mentions the maximum tolerated concentration, which is not necessarily related to steady state. Option D is incorrect as it includes all options, which are not all true statements about steady state.
Question 2 of 5
Drug antagonism is best defined as an effect of a drug that:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because drug antagonism refers to the situation where one drug diminishes the effect of another drug when taken together. This occurs when the drugs have opposing actions on the body or compete for the same receptors. In contrast: A: Major physiological psychological dependence is related to addiction, not drug antagonism. B: The modification of drug effects by concurrent administration of another drug is known as drug interaction, not antagonism. C: The ability to be metabolized before another dose is administered is not related to drug antagonism.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following substances is the most likely to be absorbed in the intestines rather than in the stomach?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Glucose. Glucose is a small molecule that is primarily absorbed in the small intestine through active transport mechanisms, where most nutrient absorption occurs. The small intestine has a larger surface area and more specialized transport mechanisms for nutrient absorption compared to the stomach. A, Sodium bicarbonate, is mainly absorbed in the stomach as it helps neutralize stomach acid. B, Ascorbic acid, is primarily absorbed in the stomach and the small intestine. C, Salicylic acid, is absorbed in the stomach and upper small intestine. Therefore, D is the most likely substance to be absorbed in the intestines rather than the stomach.
Question 4 of 5
Drugs that use CYP 3A4 isoenzymes for metabolism may:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Drugs metabolized by CYP 3A4 can induce its own metabolism, increasing clearance. Step 2: This induction can also affect other drugs metabolized by CYP 3A4, leading to decreased levels. Step 3: Therefore, choice A is correct. Step 4: Additionally, if CYP 3A4 is inhibited by a drug, it can lead to decreased metabolism of other drugs. Step 5: This inhibition can result in increased levels of the affected drugs. Step 6: Hence, choice B is also correct. Step 7: Combining the effects of induction and inhibition, both choices A and B are true, making choice C the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
During a medication review session, a patient states, “I do not know why I am taking all of these pills.” Based on this piece of subjective data, which problem will the nurse identify?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Knowledge. The patient's statement indicates a lack of understanding about their medications. This can lead to non-adherence, mismanagement, or harm. Pain (A), fatigue (C), and anxiety (D) are not directly related to the patient's lack of knowledge about their medications. Pain and fatigue may be addressed separately, while anxiety may be a result of the patient's confusion but is not the primary issue identified by the nurse in this scenario.