Sputum examination is the major screening tool for pulmonary tuberculosis. Clients would sometimes get false negative results in this exam. This means that the test is not perfect in terms of which characteristic of a diagnostic examination?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sensitivity. Sensitivity refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease (true positive rate). In the context of sputum examination for pulmonary tuberculosis, a false negative result means the test failed to detect the disease in individuals who actually have it, indicating low sensitivity. Choices A, B, and C are not the correct answers because effectiveness refers to the overall impact of the test, efficacy refers to the ability to produce a desired effect under ideal conditions, and specificity refers to the ability of the test to correctly identify those without the disease (true negative rate).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Presidential Decree No. 147. This decree, issued in 1973, officially adopted the Primary Health Care approach in the Philippines. It emphasized the importance of preventive and promotive health services at the community level. This legal basis laid the foundation for the implementation of Primary Health Care principles nationwide. A: The Alma Ata Declaration of Primary Health Care is a global statement of commitment to achieving Health for All by the year 2000, but it is not the legal basis for PHC in the Philippines. B: Letter of Instruction No 949 is a directive issued by the President for the implementation of the Barangay Health Workers Program, but it is not the legal basis for PHC in the Philippines. D: Presidential Decree 996 is not related to Primary Health Care in the Philippines.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (2,000). To estimate the number of children to be given Retinol capsule 200,000 every 6 months, we consider the age group of 1-4 years old. Assuming an average lifespan of 4 years per child, we divide the total number of capsules (200,000) by the frequency of administration every 6 months. So, 200,000 / 6 months = 33,333 capsules per month. Since we are targeting children aged 1-4 years, we multiply this by the number of months per age group (4 years * 12 months = 48 months). Therefore, 33,333 capsules/month * 48 months = 1,600,000 capsules. Considering some children may not require the capsules or may miss doses, we round down to the nearest feasible number, which is 2,000 children (option C). Choice A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: General fertility rate. Natality rate refers to the general fertility rate, which measures the number of live births per 1,000 women of childbearing age in a given population. This rate specifically focuses on the reproductive age group and reflects the fertility patterns within a population. The other choices, A, B, and C, are not natality rates. A is the crude birth rate, which measures the number of live births per 1,000 total population. B is the neonatal mortality rate, which measures the number of deaths of infants under 28 days old per 1,000 live births. C is the infant mortality rate, which measures the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. These rates are related to birth outcomes and mortality, not specifically to fertility rates.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Under 5 year old children. Young children are particularly susceptible to Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) due to their high nutritional needs for growth and development. They have limited food intake capacity and are dependent on caregivers for proper nutrition. The risk of malnutrition is highest in this age group as they are vulnerable to infections and have rapid growth rates. Pregnant women and the elderly (Option A) have specific nutritional requirements but are not as susceptible to PEM as under 5 year old children. The other options, 1-4 year old children (Option C) and school-age children (Option D), are also at risk of malnutrition but not as vulnerable as children under 5 years old.