Sponges reproduce through which form of asexual reproduction?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Budding. In budding, a new organism develops as an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism. This process results in the formation of a genetically identical offspring. Sponges reproduce asexually through budding by forming small growths, which eventually detach and grow into new individuals. Fission (A) involves the splitting of an organism into two separate organisms, which is not how sponges reproduce. Fragmentation (C) is the breaking of the parent organism into fragments, with each fragment developing into a new individual, but this is not how sponges reproduce asexually. Parthenogenesis (D) is a form of asexual reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develops into a new individual, which is not the method used by sponges.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the SRY protein is responsible for causing the regression of the Wolffian duct in male development. This process leads to the formation of male reproductive structures such as the vas deferens. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Hypospadias is actually caused by the incomplete closure of the urethral groove during development. B: The connection between the tunica vaginalis and the abdominal cavity closes after the descent of the testis, not before. D: The ampulla of the fallopian tube is not involved in male reproduction; it is actually the site of fertilization in the female reproductive system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Correct Answer: D - Trichomoniasis Rationale: Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection that commonly presents with vaginal discharge. The discharge is typically frothy, yellow-green, and has a strong odor. This distinguishes it from other causes of vaginal discharge. Summary of Other Choices: A: Vulvovaginal candidiasis - Typically presents with thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge. B: Granuloma inguinale - Rare bacterial infection causing painless genital ulcers, not associated with vaginal discharge. C: Gonorrhea - May cause vaginal discharge, but typically associated with other symptoms like pelvic pain and abnormal bleeding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: seminiferous tubule. Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm production and occurs within the seminiferous tubules of the testes. These tubules contain specialized cells called germ cells that undergo meiosis to produce sperm. The tunica albuginea is a fibrous layer surrounding the testes, the rete testis is a network of tubules where sperm is transported, and the seminal vesicle is a gland that produces seminal fluid, not involved in sperm production. Therefore, the seminiferous tubule is the correct choice for spermatogenesis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: semen. Semen is the fluid that contains spermatozoa, alkaline mucus, and fructose. Spermatozoa are the male reproductive cells, alkaline mucus helps neutralize vaginal acidity, and fructose provides energy for sperm. Semen is the combination of these components, making it the term that encompasses all the other terms listed. A: spermatozoa is incorrect because it is just one component of semen. B: alkaline mucus is incorrect as it is a separate component in semen. D: fructose is incorrect because it is also just one component found in semen.