Spondyloarthritides are largely genetically determined. Which of the following characteristics is never associated with such diseases?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and spondyloarthritides, it is crucial to understand the key characteristics associated with these diseases to provide optimal care to pediatric patients. In this question, the correct answer is D) rheumatoid factor positivity. Spondyloarthritides are a group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases that primarily affect the spine and joints. Unlike rheumatoid arthritis, which is characterized by the presence of rheumatoid factor in the blood, spondyloarthritides are largely genetically determined and are not typically associated with rheumatoid factor positivity. Option A) enthesitis is a common feature of spondyloarthritides, involving inflammation at the site where tendons or ligaments insert into the bone. Option B) peripheral arthritis refers to joint inflammation in the limbs, which can occur in spondyloarthritides. Option C) axial arthritis involves inflammation primarily in the spine and sacroiliac joints, which is a hallmark feature of spondyloarthritides. Understanding these distinctions is essential for pediatric nurses caring for children with these conditions. Recognizing the unique characteristics of spondyloarthritides helps in early identification, appropriate management, and improved outcomes for pediatric patients. By knowing that rheumatoid factor positivity is not associated with spondyloarthritides, nurses can better differentiate between different types of arthritis and provide targeted care based on the specific needs of the child.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the case of Behcet disease, which is a primary vasculitis known for oral ulceration, the characteristic features of oral ulcers play a significant role in diagnosis and management. In this question, the correct answer is C) scarring. This is because scarring is not a typical feature of oral ulcers in Behcet disease. A) Painful oral ulcers are a common feature of Behcet disease and can cause significant discomfort to the patient. B) Very recurrent oral ulcers are also typical in Behcet disease, with patients experiencing frequent episodes of ulceration. D) Location cavity heal with 3-10 days last oral ulcers is a characteristic feature of oral ulcers in Behcet disease, where ulcers typically heal within this time frame. Educationally, understanding the specific features of oral ulcers in Behcet disease is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in pediatric nursing. Recognizing these characteristics can aid in early identification, appropriate treatment, and improved quality of care for pediatric patients with Behcet disease. It underscores the importance of thorough assessment and knowledge of disease-specific manifestations in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the case of a child with a small solitary coronary artery aneurysm, the most appropriate therapy is option A) aspirin for 6 months. This is the correct choice because aspirin is commonly used in treating coronary artery aneurysms to prevent blood clots from forming within the aneurysm. Option B) life-long aspirin may not be necessary for a small solitary coronary artery aneurysm, as the duration of therapy should be guided by the size and stability of the aneurysm. Option C) IVIG and aspirin for 14 days is more commonly used in Kawasaki disease, which presents with coronary artery aneurysms but is not the first-line therapy for a small solitary aneurysm. Option D) aspirin and clopidogrel antiplatelet for 8 weeks may be excessive for a small solitary coronary artery aneurysm and is not the recommended standard of care. In an educational context, it is crucial for pediatric nurses to understand the appropriate management of coronary artery aneurysms in children. This question highlights the importance of evidence-based practice and individualized treatment plans based on the specific clinical scenario. Nurses must be knowledgeable about the rationale behind different treatment options to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients with cardiac conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) neglect. Neglect is the most reported type of child abuse in the USA for several reasons. Neglect involves failing to provide for a child's basic needs such as food, shelter, clothing, education, and medical care. It can be easier to identify and report compared to other forms of abuse as signs of neglect are often more visible. Furthermore, neglect is more common than other types of abuse due to various factors such as poverty, lack of education, substance abuse, and mental health issues in families. Physical abuse (option B) involves intentional harm or injury to a child and may leave visible marks such as bruises or broken bones. Sexual abuse (option C) involves any sexual activity with a child and can be difficult to detect as it often occurs in secrecy. Psychological maltreatment (option D) includes emotional abuse, which can have long-lasting effects on a child's mental health and well-being. In an educational context, it is crucial for pediatric nurses to be able to recognize and report all forms of child abuse, including neglect. Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of different types of abuse helps nurses advocate for the well-being of their pediatric patients and work towards preventing further harm. By being knowledgeable about the signs and reporting procedures for child abuse, pediatric nurses play a vital role in protecting vulnerable children and promoting their safety and welfare.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) gastroesophageal reflux. When a child presents with signs such as spitting, vomiting, and food refusal, gastroesophageal reflux is the most common cause. Gastroesophageal reflux occurs when the contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus, leading to symptoms like regurgitation, vomiting, and feeding difficulties. In pediatric nursing, it is important to recognize these signs as they can indicate a common condition that requires appropriate management and treatment. Option B) chronic tonsillitis is incorrect as it typically presents with symptoms related to the tonsils such as sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and enlarged tonsils. While chronic tonsillitis can lead to feeding problems, it is not the most common cause of spitting, vomiting, and food refusal in children. Option C) food allergies can present with symptoms like vomiting and food refusal, but they are usually accompanied by other symptoms such as skin rashes, hives, or respiratory symptoms. Food allergies may not always manifest with spitting, which makes it less likely to be the cause in this scenario. Option D) eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic immune-mediated condition of the esophagus that can cause feeding difficulties and vomiting in children. However, it is less common than gastroesophageal reflux as a cause of spitting, vomiting, and food refusal in pediatric patients. In pediatric nursing practice, understanding the common causes of feeding difficulties in children is crucial for early identification and appropriate management. Gastroesophageal reflux is a frequent condition in pediatric patients presenting with these symptoms, making it essential for nurses to be knowledgeable about its signs, symptoms, and management strategies.