Splenectomy is curative in:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Splenectomy is curative in hereditary spherocytosis because it removes the site of red blood cell destruction. The spleen is responsible for filtering out abnormal or damaged red blood cells in this condition. Removing the spleen stops the destruction of spherocytes, leading to an improvement in anemia. Summary of other choices: A: G6PD def. - Splenectomy does not address the underlying enzyme deficiency causing hemolysis. B: ITP - Splenectomy is used in refractory cases of ITP, but not considered curative. C: Thalassemia - Splenectomy can be used to manage complications in thalassemia but does not cure the underlying genetic defect.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Sideroblastic anemia results in defective heme synthesis, leading to iron accumulation in the mitochondria. 2. This excess iron saturation decreases the Iron Binding Capacity (IBC) in the serum. 3. Therefore, in sideroblastic anemia, increasing serum iron is associated with a decrease in IBC. Summary of other choices: A: Hookworm infestation causes iron deficiency anemia with increased IBC. C: Alcoholic liver disease can lead to iron overload, not a decrease in IBC. D: Thalassemia major is associated with increased IBC due to ineffective erythropoiesis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because individuals with G6PD deficiency can have normal enzyme levels shortly after a hemolytic episode due to the body replenishing the enzyme. Choice A, iron deficiency anemia, is unrelated to G6PD deficiency. Choice B, hypoplastic anemia, does not affect enzyme levels. Choice C, hairy cell leukemia, is not typically associated with false-normal G6PD levels. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it reflects the transient nature of G6PD levels post-hemolysis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The different leukemias all involve unregulated proliferation of WBC. Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to the uncontrolled growth of white blood cells. This abnormal proliferation of white blood cells is a common feature across all subtypes of leukemia. Explanation: 1. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. 2. In leukemia, there is uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells. 3. Different subtypes of leukemia may have specific characteristics, but they all involve the abnormal growth of white blood cells. Summary: Choice B is incorrect because leukemias do not involve unregulated proliferation of red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect because leukemias do not always result in a decrease in white blood cell production. Choice D is incorrect because leukemia is not specifically related to the lymphatic system; it affects the blood and bone marrow.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Five-year survival for patients over 75 years old is less than 2%. This is because older age is a significant negative prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). As individuals age, their overall health and ability to tolerate aggressive treatments decline, leading to poorer outcomes. The survival rate of less than 2% for patients over 75 years old reflects the challenges of treating AML in this age group. Choice A is incorrect because early diagnosis does not necessarily guarantee good outcomes in AML, especially in older adults where other factors play a significant role. Choice B is incorrect as the five-year survival rate of 50% does not apply to older adults with AML. Choice D is incorrect as survival rates in AML are influenced by various factors beyond just the patient's pre-illness health status.