Spinal anesthesia with morphine is administered to a client for pain relief during cesarean section. The client complains of itching. The nurse prepares to administer which drug?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Itching post-spinal morphine is due to histamine release. 2. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that can relieve itching. 3. Ephedrine is a vasoconstrictor, not for itching. 4. Butorphanol is an opioid analgesic, not for itching relief. 5. Lidocaine is a local anesthetic, not for itching. Therefore, Diphenhydramine (Choice A) is the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The patient should be using some form of contraception to avoid pregnancy. This is the most important nursing advice because even though the patient is experiencing irregular periods and may be in perimenopause, there is still a risk of pregnancy until menopause is confirmed. Providing advice on contraception is crucial to prevent an unplanned pregnancy at this stage. Choice A is incorrect because hormone therapy is not just used for hot flashes and vaginal dryness; it can also help manage other perimenopausal symptoms. Choice C is incorrect as a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan is not the most immediate concern for this patient. It may be relevant to assess bone density in the future, but contraception should be addressed first. Choice D is incorrect because herbal supplementation may not be the safest or most effective way to manage perimenopausal symptoms, and it does not address the risk of pregnancy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: LH. LH, or luteinizing hormone, is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation by stimulating the release of the mature egg from the ovary. FSH (A) helps in the development of the egg, but LH is the hormone that actually induces ovulation. Progesterone (C) and Estrogen (D) are important in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, but they do not directly trigger ovulation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Acrosome. The acrosome is a structure located at the head of the sperm that contains enzymes necessary for penetrating the ovum during fertilization. These enzymes help dissolve the protective layers surrounding the ovum, allowing the sperm to enter and fertilize the egg. Choice A: Head is incorrect because the head of the sperm contains the nucleus with genetic material, not the enzymes needed for penetration. Choice B: Tail is incorrect as it is responsible for providing motility to the sperm, not for penetration. Choice D: Midpiece is incorrect as it contains mitochondria that provide energy for the sperm's movement, not enzymes for penetrating the ovum.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Oxytocin is the correct answer because it is the hormone responsible for milk ejection during breastfeeding. When a baby suckles, oxytocin is released, causing the muscles around the milk-producing cells to contract and push milk into the ducts. Prolactin, on the other hand, is responsible for milk production but not ejection. Estrogen and progesterone play roles in preparing the breasts for milk production but are not directly involved in milk ejection.