Spina bifida is one of the possible neural tube defects that can occur during early embryological development. Which of the following definitions most accurately describes meningocele? A.Complete exposure of spinal cord and meninges

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Meningocele is a type of neural tube defect in which there is herniation of the meninges (protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) through a defect in the spinal column. This results in the formation of a sac-like protrusion that contains the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid but does not involve the spinal cord itself. In meningocele, the spinal cord remains in its normal position within the spinal canal. This condition is typically associated with spina bifida, a neural tube defect that occurs during early embryological development. Unlike myelomeningocele, which involves both the spinal cord and meninges protruding through the spinal column, meningocele specifically refers to the presence of a sac containing the meninges and spinal fluid without direct involvement of the spinal cord.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nurse Max would monitor the infant's weight to evaluate the effectiveness of thickened feedings for gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Weight monitoring is crucial because it can indicate if the infant is gaining, maintaining, or losing weight, which can be reflective of how well they are tolerating the thickened feedings. An increase in weight would suggest that the infant is receiving adequate nutrition and that the thickened feedings are effective in managing GER symptoms. Monitoring weight can also help assess if the infant's overall growth and development are progressing appropriately in the context of their GER condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Status asthmaticus is a severe and persistent asthma attack that does not respond to standard treatments like inhalers or nebulizers. It is a life-threatening condition that can lead to respiratory failure if not treated promptly. Patients with status asthmaticus may require IV medications, oxygen therapy, and possibly mechanical ventilation to support their breathing. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention to prevent serious complications and potential death.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hemophilia A, also known as classic hemophilia, is a genetic bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of clotting factor VIII. Factor VIII is crucial for the blood clotting process, and its deficiency leads to prolonged bleeding episodes, even from minor injuries. Christmas disease, mentioned in the options, refers to Hemophilia B, which results from a deficiency in clotting factor IX, not factor VIII. Therefore, the disorder resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII is Hemophilia A.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse should explain to the baby's parents that the ventricular septal defect will likely close without therapy. Small ventricular septal defects have a high likelihood of closing on their own as the child grows. Surgical intervention is usually not necessary for small defects, especially when the baby does not exhibit signs of congestive heart failure. It is important for the parents to be aware of the natural course of the defect and to follow up with the healthcare provider for monitoring and management.