Specific management of moderate pre-eclampsia involves

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B (Managing as an outpatient case) Rationale: 1. Moderate pre-eclampsia indicates stable condition. 2. Outpatient management allows close monitoring without hospitalization. 3. Early intervention can prevent progression to severe pre-eclampsia. 4. Hospital admission is reserved for severe cases or complications (not moderate). 5. Encouraging fluids is important, but not the specific management for pre-eclampsia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Homeopathy. Homeopathy involves using highly diluted substances to stimulate the body's natural healing processes. In labor, homeopathy can help manage pain and support relaxation. Entonox (A) and Diamorphine (D) are pharmacological measures, while Cyclothane (B) is not a recognized pain relief option in labor. Homeopathy aligns with non-pharmacological approaches, making it the most suitable choice for pain relief in labor.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why D is correct: 1. Hyperemesis gravidarum is severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. 2. Prolonged vomiting can lead to electrolyte imbalances and nutritional deficiencies. 3. Vitamin B deficiency, specifically thiamine, can result in Wernicke’s encephalopathy. 4. Mallory-Weiss syndrome can occur due to repeated retching and vomiting. 5. Therefore, hyperemesis gravidarum can lead to both Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Summary: A: Placenta praevia is related to abnormal placental placement, not vomiting. B: Hypertensive disorders are associated with high blood pressure, not vomiting-related complications. C: Vitamin B deficiency can lead to Wernicke’s encephalopathy but is not directly caused by hyperemesis gravidarum.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Correct dehydration. Acute pyelonephritis can lead to dehydration due to fever, vomiting, and decreased fluid intake. High fluid intake helps correct dehydration by maintaining adequate fluid balance and preventing further complications. Increasing urine output (choice D) is a consequence of correcting dehydration. Promoting enough rest (choice A) is important but not the primary reason for advising high fluid intake. Relief of irritability (choice C) is not directly related to the management of acute pyelonephritis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Hyperemesis gravidarum is characterized by severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Step 2: Inability to eat or retain food all through is a hallmark feature due to excessive vomiting. Step 3: This leads to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and weight loss. Step 4: Pallor, cyanosis, weakness, and smaller fundal height are not specific to hyperemesis gravidarum. Summary: Choice B is correct as it directly relates to the primary symptom of excessive vomiting in hyperemesis gravidarum, while the other choices are not specific to this condition.