ATI RN
Neurological Review of Systems Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Sometimes the impairments caused by an infection are minor, but if the sufferer is hosting the virus over many years it may induce multiple symptoms of motor and cognitive dysfunction and create a syndrome of impairment that is known as:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HIV dementia, also known as AIDS dementia complex (ADC) or HIV-associated dementia (HAD), is a syndrome of cognitive and motor dysfunction caused by the long-term effects of HIV infection on the brain. Symptoms include memory loss, difficulty concentrating, slowed thinking, and motor impairments. This condition results from the direct impact of the virus on the central nervous system and the immune system's response to the infection.
Question 2 of 5
With an action potential, depolarization of the axomembrane is recorded as the gates open, allowing ________ to flow into the axon.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the depolarization phase of an action potential, voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to flow into the axon. This influx of positively charged ions causes the membrane potential to become more positive, leading to the rapid rise in voltage observed during an action potential. Sodium ion influx is essential for initiating and propagating nerve impulses.
Question 3 of 5
Nerve impulses are carried to another part of the body by a neuron's (nerve cell):
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The axon is the part of a neuron responsible for carrying nerve impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. It is a long, slender projection that conducts electrical signals, known as action potentials, to the axon terminals. At the terminals, the signal triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse, facilitating communication with the next neuron or target cell. The axon is essential for transmitting information across the nervous system.
Question 4 of 5
Like the brain, the spinal cord is surrounded by bone, meninges, and ________.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The spinal cord, like the brain, is protected by bone (vertebrae), meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF provides cushioning, nutrients, and waste removal for the central nervous system. White matter and gray matter are components of the spinal cord's internal structure, while water is not a specific protective element. Therefore, cerebrospinal fluid is the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that follows a threshold potential: 1. the membrane becomes depolarized 2. sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward 3. the membrane becomes repolarized 4. potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct sequence is: sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward (2), the membrane becomes depolarized (1), potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell (4), and the membrane becomes repolarized (3). Thus, B is the correct answer.