ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
Solution A has a pH of 5 and is 100 times as acidic as Solution B. What is the pH of solution B?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Solution A is 100 times as acidic as Solution B, which means the difference in pH between the two solutions is 2 (since pH is on a logarithmic scale). If Solution A has a pH of 5, Solution B must have a pH that is 2 units higher, resulting in a pH of 7. Therefore, the correct answer is C (pH of 7). Summary: A (pH of 1) and B (pH of 3) are not correct because the difference in acidity between Solution A and B is 2 pH units. D (pH of 10) is not correct as it is not consistent with the given information about the relative acidity of the two solutions.
Question 2 of 5
A 77-year-old female hospital patient has contracted Clostridium difficile during her stay and is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which of the following statements best conveys a risk that this woman faces?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: She is susceptible to isotonic fluid volume deficit. In Clostridium difficile infection, severe diarrhea can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, causing isotonic fluid volume deficit. This condition can result in hypovolemia and other complications. Choice B is incorrect because isotonic fluid volume excess is not typically associated with Clostridium difficile infection. Choice C is incorrect because third-spacing edema due to plasma protein losses is not a common risk in this scenario. Choice D is incorrect because compensatory fluid volume overload secondary to gastrointestinal water and electrolyte losses is not a typical risk in Clostridium difficile infection.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse in a medical unit has noted that a client's potassium level is elevated at 6.1 mEq/L. The nurse has notified the physician, removed the banana from the client's lunch tray, and is performing a focused assessment. When questioned by the client for the rationale for these actions, which of the following explanations is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A (Your potassium level is high, and so I need you to let me know if you feel numbness, tingling, or weakness): 1. Acknowledges the high potassium level directly. 2. Provides specific symptoms related to hyperkalemia. 3. Encourages client involvement in monitoring and reporting symptoms promptly. Summary of Incorrect Answers: B: Mentions brain function changes, which is not a primary concern with elevated potassium levels. C: Focuses on heart-related symptoms only, missing other important symptoms of hyperkalemia. D: Suggests resolving high potassium levels solely through IV fluid changes, which is not always sufficient.
Question 4 of 5
A runner collapses at a marathon event in a hot, humid climate and is brought to the medical tent. Symptoms include weakness, sunken eyes, and a rapid heartbeat. What is the most immediate course of action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer oral rehydration salts. This is the most immediate course of action because the runner is likely experiencing dehydration and electrolyte imbalance due to the hot and humid climate. Oral rehydration salts will help replenish lost fluids and electrolytes quickly. Providing plain water (choice B) may not be sufficient to address the electrolyte imbalance. Beginning intravenous fluid therapy (choice C) is not necessary at this stage unless the runner is in severe condition. Cooling the patient with ice packs and fans (choice D) may help with heat exhaustion but does not address the underlying issue of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
Question 5 of 5
A patient diagnosed with severe hypermagnesemia is exhibiting diminished reflexes and respiratory depression. Which of the following interventions should be prioritized?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer calcium gluconate IV. In severe hypermagnesemia, excess magnesium suppresses neuromuscular function, leading to diminished reflexes and respiratory depression. Calcium gluconate antagonizes the effects of hypermagnesemia and can quickly restore neuromuscular function, including respiratory drive. Prioritizing this intervention is crucial to prevent further respiratory compromise. Choice B (Initiate dialysis immediately) may be necessary for severe cases, but it is not the initial priority in managing acute symptoms. Choice C (Start an infusion of potassium chloride) is incorrect as it can worsen hypermagnesemia by further disrupting electrolyte balance. Choice D (Provide oral phosphate supplements) is not appropriate for immediate management of severe hypermagnesemia.