ATI RN
Pharmacology Assessment 1 ATI Capstone Questions
Question 1 of 5
Sodium bisulfite is a component of local anesthetic solution whose function is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sodium bisulfite is commonly added to local anesthetic solutions as a vasoconstrictor. Vasoconstrictors work by constricting blood vessels at the site of injection. This helps to reduce blood flow to the area, which in turn decreases bleeding, prolongs the anesthetic effect, and reduces the risk of systemic toxicity by slowing the absorption of the anesthetic into the bloodstream. Sodium bisulfite specifically acts as a vasoconstrictor in local anesthetics to enhance the overall effectiveness of the numbing agent.
Question 2 of 5
One hour after receiving intravenous morphine sulfate, a patient reports generalized itching. The nurse assesses the patient and notes clear breath sounds, no rash, respirations of 14 breaths per minute, a heart rate of 68 beats per minute, and a blood pressure of 110/70 mm Hg. Which action will the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take in this situation is to prepare an epinephrine injection in case of an anaphylactic reaction. The patient's presentation of generalized itching could be a sign of an allergic reaction to morphine sulfate. It is important to be prepared for an anaphylactic reaction, which could potentially be life-threatening. Having epinephrine readily available allows for quick administration if needed to treat the allergic reaction. Reassuring the patient is also appropriate, but the priority in this situation is to be prepared for a possible serious allergic reaction. Administering naloxone to reverse opioid overdose is not indicated based on the patient's current vital signs and symptoms. Having resuscitation equipment available at the bedside is always a good practice, but preparing for an anaphylactic reaction takes precedence in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a 55-year-old patient receiving metoprolol (Lopressor). What statement by the patient would lead the nurse to believe that he needs additional instruction?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: OTC medications can interact to increase or decrease the effects of antiadrenergic drugs. Antacids decrease the effects of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. Decreased antihypertensive effects result when taken with ibuprofen. Other options reflect correct statements and would not indicate that the patient would need further instruction. The nurse should educate the patient about potential drug interactions and the importance of consulting their healthcare provider before taking OTC medications.
Question 4 of 5
Name the four categories of enteral formulas? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 5
Medications bound to protein have the following effect:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When medications are bound to proteins in the bloodstream, they are inactive and unable to exert their therapeutic effects. Only the unbound (free) fraction of the drug is pharmacologically active. Therefore, the more a drug is bound to protein, the less available it is for its desired effect. Protein binding also affects the drug's distribution and metabolism, but it does not enhance availability or increase liver metabolism. Rapid distribution to receptor sites is influenced by other factors, such as blood flow and tissue permeability.