ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Smell can be assessed in verbal, cooperative children older than
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Smell can be reliably assessed in children over 3 years , per developmental neurology, when verbal cooperation allows testing with identifiable odors. Below 3 (A-B), language and attention limit reliability; 4-5 refine it further. Olfactory maturity at birth supports testing by 3, making C the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
Bilateral diffuse slow wave activity (delta frequency) in an electroencephalogram (EEG) of an infant, is MOSTLY seen in
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Delta wavbilaterally in infants suggest metabolic encephalopathy , per EEG literature, from diffuse neuronal dysfunction (e.g., hypoglycemia). Generalized seizurshow spikes; tumors and abscessfocal slowing; stroke unilateral. Metabolic diffuse effect make B the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) should be suspected if the headache and associated vomiting are worse when lying down. The characteristic of this headache is include all the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ICP headachawaken from sleep , worsen with coughing or bending , and cause fourth nerve palsy , per neurology texts, from pressure dynamics. Remitting on arising suggests sinusitis, not ICP, which persists upright. Positional worsening definICP, making B the exception and correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
The MOST common epilepsy syndrome is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Benign Rolandic epilepsy is the most common childhood epilepsy syndrome, per ILAE, affecting ~15% of cases, with focal seizurand normal development. Juvenile myoclonic is adolescent; infantile spasms and Lennox-Gastaut severe, rare; Landau-Kleffner language-focused. Rolandics prevalence makes A the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
A 10-year-old boy presented to ER as a status epilepticus, initial management is done by ensuring an adequate airway, breathing, and circulation; benzodiazepine was started but the seizure donot resolve after two doses. A second-line agent that must be administered is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenytoin is second-line for status epilepticus after benzodiazepinfail, per AAN, stabilizing sodium channels. Phenobarbital is third-line; valproate alternative; midazolam first-line; ethosuximide irrelevant. Phenytoins IV efficacy makes D the correct answer.