Sleep disorders are called

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parasomnias. Parasomnias refer to abnormal behaviors or movements during sleep, such as sleepwalking or night terrors. This term encompasses a wide range of sleep disorders beyond just difficulties falling or staying asleep (insomnias). Somnambulism (C) specifically refers to sleepwalking, which is only one type of parasomnia. Bruxisms (D) are grinding or clenching of teeth during sleep, which is a specific sleep disorder and not a general term for sleep disorders like parasomnias.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Body temperature is considered a vital sign because it reflects the body's ability to maintain homeostasis. It provides crucial information about the body's metabolic rate and overall health status. Monitoring body temperature helps in detecting infections, inflammation, and other medical conditions. On the other hand, orientation, telemetry, and glycemic index are not considered vital signs. Orientation refers to mental status, telemetry is a method of monitoring physiological parameters remotely, and glycemic index is related to blood sugar levels, but not typically considered a vital sign.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Ability to smell and taste food declines with age, leading to reduced appetite. 2. Elderly and chronically ill individuals may experience this decline, impacting their nutritional intake. 3. Reduced enjoyment of food due to decreased taste and smell can contribute to poor eating habits. 4. This can result in malnutrition and other health issues in this population. Therefore, option D is correct. Summary of other choices: A: Fatigue and pain decrease appetite, contradicting the question. B: Saliva production does not significantly impact nutritional intake. C: Increased physical activity does not necessarily lead to increased appetite in elderly and chronically ill individuals.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because difficulty swallowing liquids can indicate dehydration as it may be challenging for the resident to consume enough fluids. This can lead to insufficient hydration levels. A: Drinking more than six 8-ounce glasses of liquids per day is not necessarily a warning sign of dehydration; it could indicate proper hydration. C: Drinking a lot of fluids at meals does not necessarily indicate dehydration but could be a healthy habit. D: Increased urinary output can be a sign of proper hydration as the body is eliminating excess fluids.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Encourage Kegel exercises. Kegel exercises help strengthen pelvic floor muscles, improving bladder control and promoting normal elimination. This is essential for residents with urinary incontinence issues. Encouraging residents to finish urinating quickly (B) is not beneficial as it may lead to incomplete emptying. Having female residents lie flat on their backs when urinating (C) is not practical or recommended. Discouraging fluids for residents who urinate frequently (D) can lead to dehydration and exacerbate urinary issues.