Skin inflammation that primarily involves the papillary layer is termed

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dermatitis. Dermatitis refers to skin inflammation, and when it primarily involves the papillary layer (located in the dermis), it is termed papillary dermatitis. This layer contains blood vessels, nerves, and collagen fibers, making it a common site for inflammation. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Papillitis specifically refers to inflammation of the papillae on the tongue or eye. C: Epidermatitis would suggest inflammation of the epidermis layer, not the papillary layer. D: Melanocytic relates to melanocytes, which are pigment-producing cells in the skin, not inflammation of the papillary layer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: stratum corneum. This is the outermost layer of the epidermis composed of dead skin cells filled with keratin. It provides protection against environmental factors. Stratum spinosum (B) is a layer below the stratum corneum, stratum basale (C) is the deepest layer where cells divide, and stratum granulosum (D) is a layer above the stratum corneum where cells start to flatten and keratinize. The stratum corneum is the toughest and most superficial layer, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: merocrine sweat glands. These glands are responsible for producing perspiration, which is a watery fluid that helps regulate body temperature. Merocrine glands release sweat directly onto the skin's surface without losing any cellular components, ensuring efficient cooling. A: Apocrine sweat glands produce a thicker, odorless substance in areas like the armpits and groin. B: Ceruminous glands produce earwax to protect the ear canal. C: Sebaceous glands produce sebum to moisturize the skin and hair. In summary, merocrine sweat glands are the correct choice as they specifically produce perspiration for cooling purposes, distinguishing them from the other gland types mentioned.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Carotene is the correct answer because it is a pigment present in vegetables like carrots and sweet potatoes that can give the skin an orange or yellow hue when consumed in large quantities. Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in plants for photosynthesis. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment formed from the breakdown of red blood cells and can cause yellowing of the skin in conditions like jaundice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dendritic cells. Dendritic cells are immune cells found in the epidermis that play a crucial role in initiating immune responses. They capture antigens and present them to T cells, triggering an immune response. Squamous cells (A) are flat cells in the skin, Merkel cells (B) are touch receptors, and Melanocytes (D) produce melanin for skin pigmentation. They are not directly involved in the immune system function within the epidermis.