Skeeter syndrome is a large local reaction to stinging and biting insects. Of the following, the TRUE statement is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question about Skeeter syndrome, the correct answer is D) mosquito is the responsible agent. This is the true statement because Skeeter syndrome refers to a large local reaction to mosquito bites specifically, not to all stinging or biting insects. The other options are incorrect for the following reasons: A) IgE-mediated response: While IgE antibodies are involved in allergic reactions, Skeeter syndrome is not specifically an IgE-mediated response but rather a localized inflammatory reaction to mosquito saliva. B) Usually occurs in older children: Skeeter syndrome can occur in individuals of any age, not just older children. C) Usually followed by anaphylaxis: Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction involving multiple organ systems. Skeeter syndrome typically does not progress to anaphylaxis. Educationally, understanding Skeeter syndrome is important for healthcare providers, especially those working with pediatric populations. Recognizing the specific characteristics of this reaction can help in providing appropriate care and advice to patients and families. By knowing that mosquitoes are the responsible agents for Skeeter syndrome, healthcare professionals can offer guidance on prevention strategies and managing symptoms effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In managing a patient with anaphylaxis, the correct answer of monitoring in the emergency room for at least 4 hours (Option B) is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can have delayed or biphasic reactions. Monitoring the patient for an extended period allows healthcare providers to detect and manage any recurrent or delayed symptoms promptly. Option A (1 hour) is too short a time frame for effective monitoring as symptoms can reappear after the initial treatment has worn off. Option C (6 hours) is longer than necessary for routine monitoring in the emergency room setting unless there are specific concerns about the patient's condition. Option D (12 hours) is excessive for most cases of anaphylaxis and may lead to increased healthcare costs and unnecessary burden on both the patient and the healthcare system. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate duration for monitoring after treating anaphylaxis is vital for pediatric clinical nurse specialists to ensure optimal patient outcomes. It highlights the importance of comprehensive care and vigilance in managing acute allergic reactions, emphasizing the need for continuous assessment and observation to prevent potential complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) cow's milk. Food protein-induced enteropathy is a condition characterized by inflammation and damage to the lining of the small intestine, leading to symptoms like diarrhea, malabsorption, and failure to thrive in infants and young children. Cow's milk is the most common cause of this condition due to the immaturity of the infant's digestive system, making it difficult to digest the proteins found in cow's milk. Option A) peanuts and Option D) eggs are common allergenic foods in children, but they are not typically associated with food protein-induced enteropathy. Option B) fish is also a common allergen but is less likely to cause enteropathy compared to cow's milk in young children. In an educational context, understanding the common causes of food protein-induced enteropathy is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. Recognizing the signs and symptoms, as well as the most likely culprits, can lead to timely diagnosis and appropriate management to improve the child's health outcomes. It also highlights the importance of thorough dietary history and allergen testing in pediatric patients presenting with gastrointestinal issues.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) allopurinol. DRESS syndrome, characterized by drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, is a severe hypersensitivity reaction to certain medications. Allopurinol is known to cause severe cutaneous adverse reactions, but typically not DRESS syndrome. Anticonvulsants, sulfonamides, and minocycline are all well-documented triggers for DRESS syndrome. Anticonvulsants like phenytoin and carbamazepine, sulfonamides such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and antibiotics like minocycline are commonly associated with DRESS syndrome due to their potential to trigger immune-mediated responses. In an educational context, understanding the etiology of DRESS syndrome and recognizing the drugs commonly associated with it is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric clinical nurse specialists. This knowledge helps in early identification of potential triggers, prompt discontinuation of the offending medication, and initiation of appropriate management to prevent severe complications associated with DRESS syndrome.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In vivo skin testing for allergen-specific IgE involves introducing a small amount of allergen into the skin to observe the body's reaction. The wheal and flare reaction is a classic response seen in allergic individuals. The correct answer, option A) 15 to 20 minutes, is right because this is the typical timeframe within which the wheal and flare reaction is measured after the allergen is introduced into the skin. This immediate reaction helps in diagnosing allergies quickly and accurately. Option B) 30 to 60 minutes is incorrect because waiting this long would not capture the immediate response indicative of an IgE-mediated allergic reaction. Option C) 12 to 24 hours and D) 24 to 48 hours are also incorrect as they are too delayed to be associated with the wheal and flare reaction seen in skin testing for allergen-specific IgE. In an educational context, understanding the timing of the wheal and flare reaction in skin testing is crucial for pediatric clinical nurse specialists. It helps in accurately diagnosing allergies in children, guiding treatment plans, and providing appropriate patient education regarding allergen avoidance and management. Recognizing the immediate nature of this reaction is essential for providing timely and effective care to pediatric patients with allergies.