ATI RN
Endocrine System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Simple goiter can be prevented by
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Simple goiter (thyroid enlargement) from iodine deficiency is prevented by dietary iodine enables T3/T4 synthesis, avoiding compensatory growth. Antibiotics treat infection, not deficiency. Surgery removes goiter, not prevents. Hormone therapy (e.g., levothyroxine) treats hypothyroidism, not root cause. Iodine addition distinguishes prevention, key to thyroid health, unlike infection, surgical, or replacement approaches.
Question 2 of 5
Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones can lead to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adrenal cortex hyposecretion (low cortisol/aldosterone) causes Addison's fatigue, low BP, hyperpigmentation from ACTH rise. Diabetes mellitus is pancreatic glucose issue. Cushing's is cortisol excess opposite. Cretinism is neonatal hypothyroidism growth/mental delay. Addison's adrenal failure distinguishes it, key to cortex insufficiency, unlike glucose, excess, or thyroid conditions.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is NOT true of testosterone?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Testosterone isn't controlled by thyroid it's from testes, regulated by pituitary LH/FSH. It grows penis/testes, drives secondary traits (e.g., voice, hair), and can cause baldness (androgenetic). Thyroid controls metabolism (T3/T4), not androgens. Pituitary-testes axis distinguishes testosterone, key to male development, unlike thyroid control error.
Question 4 of 5
G-proteins (guanine nucleotide-binding proteins) are molecules involved in the transmission of hormonal signals from outside a cell to the interior by means of a process called:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Signal transduction transmits hormonal signals via G-proteins (e.g., in glucagon response), converting extracellular messages into intracellular actions (cAMP) core process. Signal conduction is neural, not hormonal electric impulse. Signal targeting isn't a term receptor specificity fits, but not process. Local signaling is paracrine, not G-protein-mediated typically. Transduction's role distinguishes it, critical for hormone effects across membranes, unlike conduction, vague, or local errors.
Question 5 of 5
Which hormone from the anterior pituitary gland regulates the release of corticosteroid hormones from the adrenal cortex?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) from anterior pituitary stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids (e.g., cortisol) stress axis. TSH (thyroid-stimulating) targets thyroid, not adrenal. FSH (follicle-stimulating) and LH (luteinizing) regulate gonads, not cortex. ACTH's adrenal control distinguishes it, key to HPA axis and corticosteroid production, unlike thyroid or gonadal hormones.