Several small communities requested help from the state department of health for improving their teenage pregnancy rate. Which community should the nurse suggest get funds first?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Community A - with 23 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 500. This community has the highest rate of teenage pregnancies per capita compared to the other communities. By calculating the teenage pregnancy rate per capita, we can see that Community A has the highest rate (4.6%) compared to the other communities. Therefore, it is more urgent to address the issue in Community A first. Community B has a teenage pregnancy rate of 4.5% (45/1000), Community C has a rate of 4.5% (90/2000), and Community D has a rate of 6% (90/1500). While Community D has the same number of teenage pregnancies as Community C, it has a higher teenage pregnancy rate per capita, making it a less urgent priority.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The prevalence of diabetes is slowly decreasing during screening events. This is the most appropriate measure to assess the impact of the nursing staff's educational programs. Prevalence refers to the total number of individuals with a disease in a population at a specific time. By tracking the prevalence of diabetes during screening events over time, the nurses can determine if their efforts are effective in reducing the number of students diagnosed with diabetes. Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect: A: The epidemic of diabetes in the high school is gradually ending - This choice is too broad and doesn't provide a specific measure of impact. Ending an epidemic would require more than just the efforts of the nursing staff. B: The incidence of diabetes is slowly decreasing during screening events - Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease within a specific time period. While this is important, it does not capture the overall impact of the educational programs on the existing diabetic cases in the community.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Infant mortality rate. This statistic is used to compare the success of health care systems as it reflects the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births. A lower infant mortality rate indicates better healthcare access and quality. A: Attack rate is used to measure the frequency of new cases of a disease in a population during a specific time period and is not specific to healthcare system comparison. C: Cause-specific morbidity rate focuses on the prevalence of specific diseases and does not provide a comprehensive measure of healthcare system success. D: Cause-specific mortality rate looks at the number of deaths from a specific cause and is not a holistic indicator of overall healthcare system performance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because weighing students can help identify those who are overweight, allowing for early intervention and support. This secondary prevention strategy enables the nurse to target at-risk children and provide tailored interventions. Option A focuses on primary prevention by promoting healthy habits generally. Option B is a health promotion activity rather than secondary prevention. Option D is not recommended as it involves putting students on a diet without considering individual circumstances, which can be harmful.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased sensitivity. Persons with AIDS have compromised immune systems, which can lead to a false negative TB skin test result even if they are infected. Decreased sensitivity means the test may not correctly identify true positive cases, leading to false negatives. A: Decreased positive predictive value - This is not the correct answer because positive predictive value refers to the likelihood that a positive test result truly indicates the presence of the condition. Sensitivity and specificity impact the accuracy of the test results. B: Decreased reliability - This is not the correct answer as reliability refers to the consistency of the test results. Sensitivity specifically relates to the ability of the test to correctly identify those with the condition. D: Decreased specificity - This is not the correct answer as specificity refers to the ability of the test to correctly identify those without the condition. Sensitivity, not specificity, is affected in this scenario due to the immune deficiencies in persons with AIDS.