ATI RN
Introduction to Epidemiology Ray M Merrill Case Study Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Several small communities have applied for grant funding from the state department of health
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the question asks which community should receive funding first, implying prioritization. Without additional context, it is crucial to consider factors beyond just the number of single teenage pregnancies, such as the overall population size, existing resources, and other health indicators. Choices B, C, and D provide data on single teenage pregnancies but lack information on other relevant factors. Therefore, the nurse should suggest further evaluation and assessment of all communities before making a decision.
Question 2 of 5
A man is diagnosed with prostate cancer. Which of the following data should the nurse know to answer the man when he asks, “What are the chances I’ll survive this thing?â€
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Case fatality rate. This is the proportion of individuals diagnosed with a specific disease who die from that disease within a specified period. It directly relates to the man's question about survival chances. Attack rate (A) is the proportion of exposed individuals who develop the disease. Cause-specific morbidity rate (C) is the proportion of individuals with a specific disease in a population. Crude mortality rate (D) is the total number of deaths in a population from any cause. Therefore, B is the most relevant data for the man's question about survival chances.
Question 3 of 5
A school nurse wants to decrease the incidence of obesity in elementary school children. Which of the following describes a secondary prevention intervention that the nurse could implement?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because weighing students to identify those who are overweight is a secondary prevention intervention. This intervention focuses on early detection and intervention for individuals who already have risk factors for a health condition, in this case, obesity. By identifying overweight students early on, the nurse can provide targeted interventions and support to prevent further weight gain and related health issues. A, giving a presentation on the importance of exercise, is more of a primary prevention strategy aimed at educating all students to prevent obesity from occurring in the first place. B, designing a game for healthy food choices, is also a primary prevention strategy that promotes healthy behaviors for all students. D, putting students on a diet if they are overweight, is more of a tertiary prevention approach focusing on treatment after the condition has already developed, rather than early detection and prevention.
Question 4 of 5
The administration at a local medical center examines the trends in health problems when developing long-range plans for staffing and space allocation. Which of the following sources of information would be most helpful?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The National Hospital Discharge Survey. This source provides comprehensive data on hospital utilization, including reasons for admission and discharge diagnoses. It offers insights into the specific health problems that require hospitalization, which is crucial for staffing and space allocation planning. A: Local data drawn from a professional survey in the city - While local data can be valuable, it may not provide a comprehensive overview of health problems that require hospitalization. B: The National Health Interview Survey - This survey focuses on health behaviors and access to care, rather than specific health problems that lead to hospitalization. D: The state's vital statistics - While vital statistics provide general health information, they may not offer detailed insights into specific health problems requiring hospitalization.
Question 5 of 5
A principal comments to the school nurse that it seems there are a lot more problems with asthma among the students than there were before the school was remodeled a couple of years ago. The nurse investigates the principal’s observation by reviewing all the school records to determine visits to the health office because of asthma by week and month for the past 5 years. Which of the following best describes the type of study the nurse is conducting?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ecological study. In this scenario, the nurse is reviewing school records to investigate the relationship between the school remodeling and the increase in asthma cases among students. This type of study looks at group-level data without focusing on individual-level data. 1. An ecological study examines the relationship between exposure (school remodeling) and outcome (increase in asthma cases) at the population or group level. 2. Descriptive epidemiological study (A) focuses on describing the distribution of a disease within a population but does not investigate causal relationships. 3. Prospective cohort study (C) involves following a group of individuals over time to study the development of specific outcomes. This study is not following individuals but rather looking at group-level data. 4. Option D appears to be incomplete and does not relate to the type of study being conducted. Therefore, the nurse is conducting an ecological study by analyzing school records to determine the association between the school remodeling and the increase in asthma cases among students