ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Online Practice 2023 B Questions
Question 1 of 5
Serotonin release stimulates vomiting following chemotherapy. Therefore, serotonin antagonists are effective in preventing and treating nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy. An example of an effective serotonin antagonist antiemetic is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ondansetron is an example of a serotonin antagonist antiemetic that is effective in preventing and treating nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy. It works by blocking serotonin receptors both peripherally on vagal nerve terminals and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. By antagonizing serotonin, ondansetron helps to reduce the emetic response triggered by chemotherapy, leading to improved control of nausea and vomiting. In contrast, the other options (B. fluoxetine, C., D. paroxetine, E. sertraline) are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) used mainly for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders, and they do not have the same antiemetic properties as ondansetron.
Question 2 of 5
When monitoring a patient who is taking hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL), the nurse notes that which drug is most likely to cause a severe interaction with the diuretic?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Digitalis (e.g., Digoxin) and hydrochlorothiazide can cause a severe interaction because hydrochlorothiazide can reduce potassium levels in the body. Low potassium levels (hypokalemia) can increase the risk of digitalis toxicity, leading to dangerous effects on the heart. Therefore, patients taking hydrochlorothiazide along with digitalis need close monitoring of their potassium levels and potential adjustments to their digitalis therapy. It is important to communicate this risk to the healthcare team to ensure patient safety.
Question 3 of 5
A client is prescribed enalapril (Vasotec) for hypertension. Which side effect should the nurse teach the client to report?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, causes dry cough via bradykinin buildup, a common effect needing reporting to consider switching (e.g., to an ARB). Fatigue , headache , and nausea are less specific or urgent. Cough aligns with enalapril's pharmacology, critical in hypertension where adherence hinges on tolerability, making A the key side effect to report.
Question 4 of 5
A patient who has been taking antihypertensive drugs for a few months complains of having a persistent dry cough. The nurse knows that this cough is an adverse effect of which class of antihypertensive drugs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The persistent dry cough mentioned by the patient is a well-known adverse effect of ACE inhibitors. This side effect is due to the accumulation of bradykinin in the lungs, leading to irritation and stimulation of cough receptors. If a patient taking an ACE inhibitor develops a persistent dry cough, it is essential to notify the healthcare provider to consider alternative antihypertensive medications to manage the hypertension effectively without causing this bothersome side effect.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving warfarin (Coumadin) and notes bruising and petechiae on the patient's extremities. The nurse will request an order for which laboratory test?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bruising and petechiae on a patient's extremities are signs of potential thrombocytopenia, which is a decrease in platelet count. Warfarin (Coumadin) is an anticoagulant that works by interfering with the body's ability to use vitamin K to form blood clots. While the International normalized ratio (INR) is often used to monitor the effectiveness of warfarin therapy, and PTT and aPTT may also be relevant in certain cases, the presence of bruising and petechiae suggest a potential issue with platelet levels. Therefore, checking the patient's platelet level with a laboratory test is appropriate in this situation to assess for thrombocytopenia.