ATI RN
Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Select the true statement regarding the control of gastric secretion:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A: - Parietal cells in gastric glands secrete gastric acid in response to hormonal stimulation, primarily gastrin. - Gastrin is released in response to the presence of food in the stomach, stimulating acid secretion. - This process is essential for digestion and maintaining the acidity of the stomach environment. Summary of Incorrect Choices: - B: Most of the secretion of acid and pepsinogen occurs during the gastric (not intestinal) phase. - D: Gastric secretion begins before food enters the stomach, as cephalic phase responses can initiate acid secretion.
Question 2 of 5
Which information about an 80-yr-old male patient at the senior center is of most concern to the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Unintended weight loss. In older adults, unintended weight loss can be a sign of underlying health issues such as malnutrition, chronic diseases, or even cancer. It is a significant concern as it may indicate a decline in overall health and increase the risk of complications. Decreased appetite (choice A) and occasional indigestion (choice B) are common in older adults but may not necessarily be as alarming as unintended weight loss. Difficulty chewing food (choice D) could also contribute to weight loss but is not as concerning as the weight loss itself, which could have more serious implications.
Question 3 of 5
Which question from the nurse would help determine if a patient's abdominal pain might indicate irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Asking about foods affecting bowel patterns helps determine if the patient's abdominal pain could indicate IBS as certain foods can trigger IBS symptoms. Passing gas (A) is common in IBS but not specific enough. Abdominal distention (C) is a possible symptom but not exclusive to IBS. Knowing the duration of the pain (D) is important but does not directly link to IBS. Thus, B is the best choice to assess IBS related symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
Which intestinal layer accounts for the action of the peristaltic waves?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: muscularis. The muscularis layer of the intestine is responsible for generating peristaltic waves through rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle, aiding in the movement of food along the digestive tract. The serosa (A) is the outermost layer that provides protection and support. The submucosa (C) contains blood vessels and nerves, while the mucous (D) layer secretes mucus for lubrication and protection. Therefore, the muscularis layer is specifically designed for peristalsis, making it the correct choice.
Question 5 of 5
What blocks pancreatic secretions from entering the duodenum?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: sphincter of Oddi. This sphincter controls the flow of pancreatic secretions and bile into the duodenum. It regulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver, ensuring proper digestion. The other choices are incorrect because: A: pyloric valve controls the flow of food from the stomach to the small intestine, not pancreatic secretions. C: the common bile duct carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum, not pancreatic secretions. D: cholecystokinin secretion is a hormone that stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder, not a physical barrier to block pancreatic secretions.