Select the reservoir for each of the diseases below: Brucellosis

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cattle (and other livestock) are reservoirs for brucellosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Standardized surveillance definitions are essential for consistency and comparability in HAI surveillance programs. While funding (A), microbiologists (C), and biostatisticians (D) may enhance surveillance, they are not absolute requirements; standardized definitions are the foundational need.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Outcome measures reflect the end result of interventions, such as the HAI rate, which directly indicates infection occurrence. Vaccination rates (A), hand hygiene compliance (C), and antibiotic prophylaxis timing (D) are process measures that influence outcomes but are not outcomes themselves.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An outbreak is commonly defined as an increase in cases above what is normally expected in a population, distinguishing it from sporadic cases (A, B) or a rapidly spreading disease without a baseline comparison (D).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Outbreaks are typically recognized through reports from clinicians or labs noting an unusual increase in disease frequency, which is more immediate and specific than periodic surveys (A), media reports (B), or annual data analysis (D).