ATI RN
ATI Immune System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Select the property that applies only to pathogens:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because pathogens are microorganisms that specifically cause disease in a host with normal immune functions. Pathogens have mechanisms to evade or overcome the host's immune system, leading to the development of diseases. Choices A and B are characteristics of both pathogens and non-pathogenic organisms. Choice D is incorrect because not all pathogens are transmitted between individuals of the same species; some pathogens can be transmitted from animals to humans or through environmental sources.
Question 2 of 5
In mice, mutations of which of the following genes cause the 'scurfy' phenotype (scaly skin and multiple autoimmune disorders)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. FOXP3 gene encodes a transcription factor crucial for regulatory T cells function. 2. Mutations in FOXP3 lead to dysfunctional regulatory T cells, causing autoimmune disorders. 3. Scurfy phenotype matches the symptoms of autoimmune disorders seen with FOXP3 mutations. Summary: - B (AIRE): AIRE mutations cause autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome, not scurfy phenotype. - C (NFkB): NFkB is a transcription factor involved in immune response but not linked to scurfy phenotype. - D (IRF): IRF is a regulator of interferon signaling, not directly associated with scurfy phenotype.
Question 3 of 5
Secondary lymphoid tissues are where:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because secondary lymphoid tissues are where both A and C processes occur. Naïve lymphocytes become activated in secondary lymphoid tissues through interactions with antigens, leading to their differentiation into effector cells. Somatic hypermutation also occurs in secondary lymphoid tissues, specifically in germinal centers of lymph nodes, leading to the generation of high-affinity antibodies. Option B, VDI gene rearrangement, does not occur in secondary lymphoid tissues; it is a process that happens in the primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow and thymus) during the development of lymphocytes. Thus, options A and C are correct, making the correct answer D.
Question 4 of 5
During an adaptive immune response to a pathogen an important outcome of the clonal selection process is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because during clonal selection, lymphocytes specific to the pathogen are activated, leading to their proliferation and differentiation into effector cells. This results in an increase in the number of lymphocytes specific for the pathogen, enhancing the immune response. Choice B is incorrect because clonal selection does not involve the elimination of non-specific lymphocytes but rather the expansion of specific lymphocytes. Choice C is also incorrect because clonal selection does not change the antigen receptor specificities expressed by lymphocytes but instead focuses on expanding the population of lymphocytes with receptors specific to the pathogen. Therefore, the correct outcome of clonal selection is the increase in the number of lymphocytes specific for the pathogen that activated the response, making choice A the most accurate option.
Question 5 of 5
To produce better flu vaccines, we want:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the options contribute to improving flu vaccines. A cytotoxic T cell response can help block viral spread, strain-specific neutralizing antibodies can prevent viral entry, and targeting less variable regions of HA with antibodies can improve recognition across strains. Each approach addresses different aspects of the immune response to enhance vaccine efficacy. Therefore, combining these strategies can lead to a more comprehensive and effective flu vaccine. Options A, B, and C alone are not sufficient as they only target specific aspects of the immune response, while option D encompasses a holistic approach for better vaccine success.