Select the drug used for pernicious anemia:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12. 2. Cyanocobalamin is the synthetic form of vitamin B12 used to treat pernicious anemia. 3. Ferrous lactate, iron dextran, and ferrous gluconate are iron supplements, not vitamin B12. 4. Therefore, the correct answer is B (Cyanocobalamin) as it addresses the underlying cause of pernicious anemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Dipyridamole blocks the reabsorption and breakdown of adenosine, leading to increased endogenous adenosine levels, which causes vasodilatation. Step 2: This vasodilatation results in increased blood flow to the myocardium, counteracting the hypoperfusion caused by stenotic coronary arteries. Step 3: Dipyridamole also inhibits platelet aggregation, which can be beneficial in preventing thrombosis. Step 4: Therefore, all three statements (A, B, and C) are true regarding Dipyridamole, making option D the correct choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Vinpocetine. Vinca minor alkaloids are derived from the plant Vinca minor. Vinpocetine is a synthetic derivative of Vinca minor alkaloids used for its cerebral vasodilator properties. Nicergoline (A) is a different class of drug used for cognitive enhancement. Warfarin (B) is an anticoagulant. Cinnarizine (C) is a calcium channel blocker used for vertigo and motion sickness. Vinpocetine (D) is the correct answer due to its relation to Vinca minor alkaloids and its use as a cerebral vasodilator.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Insulin does not affect glucose absorption from the gut. This is because glucose absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine and is not directly influenced by insulin. Insulin primarily works by promoting glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, reducing glycogen breakdown, and inhibiting gluconeogenesis in the liver. Therefore, decreased glucose absorption from the gut is not a mechanism through which insulin reduces blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because physiologic doses of glucocorticoids can indeed result in all of the mentioned effects. A: Glucocorticoids can increase liver glycogen stores, gluconeogenesis, and lipolysis. B: Glucocorticoids help maintain cardiovascular function by potentiating norepinephrine and improve skeletal muscle function. C: Glucocorticoids can enhance hemoglobin synthesis, leading to an increase in red blood cell count. Therefore, all three choices are valid effects of physiologic doses of glucocorticoids, making option D the correct answer.