Select the drug stimulating the protective function of the mucous barrier and the stability of the mucous membrane against damaging factors:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why "A: De-nol" is the correct answer: 1. De-nol contains the active ingredient bismuth subcitrate, which stimulates the protective function of the mucous barrier. 2. Bismuth subcitrate forms a protective layer on the mucous membrane, enhancing its stability against damaging factors. 3. This protective effect helps prevent damage to the mucous membrane from factors like acid, bile salts, and other irritants. 4. Sucralfate also forms a protective barrier but through a different mechanism, making it an incorrect choice. 5. Misoprostol and Omeprazole are not directly involved in stimulating the protective function of the mucous barrier, making them incorrect choices. Summary: De-nol is the correct choice because it directly stimulates the protective function of the mucous barrier and enhances the stability of the mucous membrane against damaging factors. Sucralfate, Misoprostol, and Omeprazole

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, None of the above. Nifedipine and Verapamil are calcium channel blockers used for hypertension and angina, not as bronchodilators. Nifedipine can even cause bronchoconstriction as a side effect. Therefore, they are not effective bronchodilators. A and B are incorrect choices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for the correct answer (C - Enalapril): 1. Enalapril is a prodrug that requires conversion to its active form, enalaprilat, in the liver. 2. Enalaprilat has potent ACE inhibitory effects, making it the active metabolite responsible for the drug's therapeutic action. 3. The conversion process enhances the drug's bioavailability and ensures a consistent pharmacological response. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Labetalol is not converted to an active metabolite after absorption; it exerts its effects directly. B: Clonidine acts directly on alpha-2 adrenergic receptors without requiring conversion to an active form. D: Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that does not need metabolic activation for its pharmacological effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Growth hormone. The posterior pituitary gland only secretes Vasopressin (A) and Oxytocin (B). Growth hormone (C) is actually secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Therefore, option C is incorrect. Option D is also incorrect as the posterior pituitary does secrete Vasopressin and Oxytocin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D is correct: 1. Biguanides like metformin are not used in hyperglycemic shock due to their slower onset of action. 2. In hyperglycemic shock, rapid-acting medications like insulin are needed for immediate correction. 3. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because biguanides are commonly used as an initial treatment for type 2 diabetes to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce glucose production in the liver.