ATI RN
Infection Prevention and Control NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Select the basic sterile asepsis procedures that are accurate. Select all that apply:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because sterile items should be placed exclusively on a sterile field to prevent contamination. Placing non-sterile items on the field would compromise its sterility. Option B is incorrect as the sterile field should be kept above waist level to minimize potential contamination. Option C is incorrect as coughing or sneezing over the sterile field can introduce pathogens. Option D is incorrect as the entire sterile field should be considered sterile, with no designated non-sterile border.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is diagnosed with a multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) in his surgical wound and asks the nurse what this means. What is the nurse’s best response? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it accurately explains that a multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) has developed resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics, making it challenging to treat effectively. MDROs are resistant to multiple antibiotics due to genetic mutations. This response educates the patient on the severity of the situation and the need for alternative treatment strategies. A is incorrect as MDRO refers to resistance in one organism, not multiple organisms causing the infection. B is incorrect as it simplifies the issue to antibiotic strength rather than resistance. C is incorrect as it suggests using multiple antibiotics, which is not always the best approach for MDROs and may contribute to further resistance.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse on the medical/surgical floor is caring for an elderly, postoperative patient with dementia who is in restraints because she refuses to stay in bed or keep her IVs in. The nurse knows that she will have to provide range of motion exercises and ask if the patient needs to use the restroom how often?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: every 2 hours. For elderly patients in restraints, it is crucial to prevent complications like pressure ulcers, muscle atrophy, and urinary retention. Providing range of motion exercises every 2 hours helps maintain joint mobility and prevent contractures. Asking the patient about restroom needs every 2 hours ensures timely toileting to prevent urinary retention and related issues. Option A (every 6 hours) is too infrequent and increases the risk of complications. Option C (every 8 hours) and Option D (every 4 hours) are also not as optimal as they do not provide the necessary frequency required for the patient's care.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is admitting a 70-year-old patient for a procedure. The patient has type I diabetes mellitus with significant peripheral neuropathy, atrial fibrillation controlled with antiarrhythmic medications, and osteoarthritis bilaterally in his knees. He is also on anticoagulants with an INR of 3.0. Given that the nurse knows about the individual risk factors that raise the risk of a fall, accident, or injury while hospitalized, which of the following should be identified as the most significant risk factor for this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy significantly impairs sensation and coordination, increasing the risk of falls and injuries. The patient's age and comorbidities like diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and anticoagulant therapy already pose risks, but peripheral neuropathy directly affects the patient's ability to perceive and react to potential hazards, making it the most significant risk factor in this case. Atrial fibrillation and anticoagulant therapy increase the risk of bleeding but are not directly related to falls. Bilateral knee osteoarthritis may contribute to mobility issues but is not as directly associated with fall risk as peripheral neuropathy.
Question 5 of 5
Select the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) that will be applied prior to entering the room of a patient with influenza.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: mask. Prior to entering the room of a patient with influenza, wearing a mask is crucial to prevent the spread of respiratory droplets containing the virus. Masks provide a barrier to protect the wearer from inhaling infectious particles. Gloves (A) are important for direct contact with the patient or contaminated surfaces. Gowns (C) are used to protect clothing from contamination. Goggles (D) are typically not required for influenza as the primary mode of transmission is through respiratory droplets, not through contact with infected fluids.