Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Maintaining patient confidentiality is a foundational principle in healthcare ethics. Nurses are obligated to keep all information about patients confidential, which means not disclosing any patient-related information to unauthorized individuals. This includes refraining from discussing patient cases with others who are not directly involved in the care of the patient. Sharing patient information without consent can be a breach of trust and privacy, which can have legal and ethical implications. Therefore, in order to uphold the principle of confidentiality, nurses must keep all matters about the patient as a secret.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: To help the students better understand the anatomy of the breast, it is crucial to provide visual aids that display both external and internal views of the breast. By sharing various pictures of the breast, students can visually learn about the structure, shape, location of different components, such as lobes, ducts, glands, and lymph nodes. Visual aids enhance the learning experience by providing a clear representation of the complex anatomical features of the breast, aiding in retention and comprehension. This approach can effectively supplement theoretical knowledge with practical visual references, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of breast anatomy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In research involving adults who are capable of providing informed consent, such as a 21-year-old subject, the absolute way to ensure autonomy and respect for the individual's rights is to obtain informed and written consent directly from the subject herself. The subject's autonomy and right to self-determination should be respected, and obtaining consent directly from the subject ensures that they are fully informed about the research, its risks, benefits, and their rights regarding anonymity and confidentiality. In this case, Nurse Carmi must explain the research process clearly to the 21-year-old subject, obtain her informed consent in writing, and ensure that her anonymity, confidentiality, and human rights are protected throughout the study.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecologic condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, commonly on structures within the pelvis. The classic symptoms of endometriosis include cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and infertility. On pelvic examination, tender nodules or masses may be palpated along the uterosacral ligaments. These nodules are often referred to as "endometriotic implants" or "chocolate cysts." Endometriosis can cause inflammation, scarring, and adhesions in the pelvis, leading to symptoms such as pain and infertility. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by ovarian dysfunction and hormonal imbalances, often leading to irregular periods and symptoms related to excess androgens. Adenomyosis is the presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium of the uterus, leading

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Difficulty of speaking and chewing is an indicator of cranial nerve involvement. Cranial nerves are responsible for controlling various functions of the head and neck, including speech and mastication. Impairment of cranial nerve function can lead to difficulty in these activities. In the context of the question, with the patient in the stroke unit, cranial nerve involvement can occur due to the stroke affecting the brain regions responsible for cranial nerve function. Loss of pain sensation, spastic paralysis of the extremities, and forgetfulness with syncope are not specific indicators of cranial nerve involvement in this scenario.