Secretin hormone:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because secretin hormone is released in response to acidic gastric juice, acting to neutralize the acidity by stimulating pancreatic bicarbonate secretion. Choice B and C are incorrect as secretin does not stimulate stomach mobility or HCL secretion. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it aligns with the function of secretin in regulating pH balance in the digestive system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Colon. The colon has the longitudinal muscle of the muscularis arranged into distinct longitudinal bundles called taeniae coli. This unique structure helps in the formation of haustra, the pouches seen in the colon. In contrast, the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum do not have this specific arrangement of longitudinal muscle bundles. The duodenum has a smooth muscle layer, while the jejunum and ileum have a continuous layer of smooth muscle without distinct longitudinal bundles. Therefore, the colon is the region of the GI tract where the longitudinal muscle is organized into distinct bundles.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lungs. The lungs are not a part of the digestive system. The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients, absorbing those nutrients, and eliminating waste. The lungs are part of the respiratory system, responsible for gas exchange. Liver (A) and gallbladder (B) are both part of the digestive system, aiding in digestion and nutrient absorption. Absorption (C) is a process within the digestive system, not a separate entity. In summary, the lungs do not play a role in the digestion process, making them the correct answer choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because asking about situations that tend to increase appetite helps identify triggers for overeating, aiding in behavior modification. This approach targets the root cause of overeating. A is incorrect as focusing solely on caloric intake may not address emotional or situational triggers for overeating. C is incorrect as suggesting rewards like sugarless candy may not address the underlying behaviors contributing to obesity. D is incorrect as eating small amounts frequently may not address the behavioral and psychological aspects of overeating.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bulk-forming laxatives are an excellent source of fiber. Fiber helps to soften stools, regulate bowel movements, and prevent constipation. By increasing fiber intake through bulk-forming laxatives or dietary sources, the patient can promote regularity and prevent chronic constipation. Explanation for incorrect choices: A: Stimulant and saline laxatives can cause dependency and are not recommended for regular use as they can disrupt the natural bowel function. C: While physical activity like walking or cycling can aid in bowel motility, it is not the primary factor in preventing chronic constipation. D: Timing of bowel movements can vary among individuals, and there is no specific "good time" universally applicable for everyone to have a bowel movement.