Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: SIADH. Secondary hyperaldosteronism is characterized by increased aldosterone production due to factors outside of the adrenal glands, such as increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation. SIADH does not involve aldosterone, but rather involves inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone leading to hyponatremia. In contrast, congestive cardiac failure, nephrotic syndrome, and cirrhosis of the liver can all lead to secondary hyperaldosteronism due to mechanisms such as decreased effective circulating volume, renal hypoperfusion, and increased angiotensin II levels, respectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Acute pancreatitis. Hyperparathyroidism is not typically associated with acute pancreatitis. Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by excessive production of parathyroid hormone, leading to increased calcium levels in the blood. Nephrocalcinosis, palpable neck swelling, and pseudogout are commonly seen in hyperparathyroidism due to the effects of elevated calcium levels on the kidneys, parathyroid glands, and joints, respectively. Acute pancreatitis, on the other hand, is more commonly associated with gallstones, alcohol consumption, or certain medications, rather than hyperparathyroidism.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Excess prolactin causes gynaecomastia due to its stimulatory effect on breast tissue growth in males. Prolactin inhibits the release of testosterone, leading to an imbalance in sex hormones and breast tissue development. Acromegaly is caused by excess growth hormone, not prolactin. Early menopause is unrelated to prolactin levels. Anaemia is typically not associated with prolactin excess. Thus, gynaecomastia is the most appropriate outcome of excess prolactin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because parathyroid hormone does not directly stimulate osteoblasts to increase bone formation. Instead, it indirectly increases bone resorption by stimulating osteoclasts. Parathyroid hormone also increases calcium reabsorption from the distal tubule of the kidney (choice C) and inhibits phosphate reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the kidney (choice D). By understanding the physiological actions of parathyroid hormone, we can deduce that direct stimulation of osteoblasts is not one of its functions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cortisol. The adrenal cortex produces cortisol, a steroid hormone involved in stress response and metabolism. Norepinephrine (A) is produced by the adrenal medulla. 5-DHEA (C) is a precursor to sex hormones and not directly produced by the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone (D) is produced by the adrenal cortex but is involved in regulating salt and water balance, not directly related to cortisol production.