Scoliosis That Greater 40 Degree Curvature Is Usually Treated By :

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When scoliosis progresses to a greater than 40-degree curvature, it is often treated with spinal fusion surgery. This surgical procedure involves fusing together the vertebrae in the curved part of the spine to correct the curvature. Spinal fusion surgery is typically recommended for severe cases of scoliosis to halt the progression of the curve and prevent further complications such as lung and heart problems. Other treatment options like exercise, bracing, and casting may be more suitable for milder cases or as a preventative measure in certain situations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A febrile seizure is a convulsion in a young child triggered by a spike in body temperature, often from an infection. Febrile seizures typically occur early in the course of a high fever in children between the ages of 6 months to 5 years old. They are usually brief, lasting for less than five minutes. In about one-third of cases, febrile seizures may occur before the fever is noted by a caregiver. Therefore, the statement that febrile seizures usually occur late in the course of high fever is incorrect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital heart defect characterized by a narrowing of the aorta, the main artery carrying blood from the heart to the body. The signs of coarctation of the aorta include higher blood pressure in the upper extremities (Choice A) due to the narrowing of the aorta causing increased pressure proximal to the constriction. Right ventricular hypertrophy (Choice B) occurs as the heart works harder to overcome the obstruction in the aorta. Legs being cooler than arms (Choice C) is a result of decreased blood flow to the lower body due to the aortic narrowing. Hemodilution (Choice E) can occur as a compensatory mechanism in response to the increased blood pressure in the upper body. Nosebleeds (Choice D) are not typically associated with coarctation of the aorta but may occur due to other factors unrelated to this condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In term newborns, the first meconium stool typically occurs within the first 6 to 8 hours after birth. Meconium is the baby's first stool, and its presence signifies that the baby's gastrointestinal system is functioning properly. If a newborn has not passed meconium within this timeframe, it may indicate an issue such as bowel obstruction that requires further evaluation and intervention. Therefore, the nurse should document and monitor the situation closely to ensure the newborn's health and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nystagmus refers to involuntary and repetitive eye movements. It is considered abnormal in a newborn as it may be a sign of a neurological or visual problem. Therefore, if a nurse observes nystagmus during a newborn assessment, it should be further investigated and discussed with a healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause and appropriate management. Profuse drooling, dark green or black stools, and slight vaginal reddish discharge are common findings in newborns and do not typically indicate a serious health issue.