Schizophrenia generally presents in adolescence or early adulthood. However, it may appear in children. Which of the following is true regarding childhood-onset schizophrenia?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding childhood-onset schizophrenia is crucial for early identification and intervention. The correct answer, D, states that negative symptoms are most frequent in early childhood and later adolescence. This is true as research indicates that negative symptoms, such as social withdrawal, apathy, and lack of emotional expression, are often prominent in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Option A is incorrect because childhood-onset schizophrenia does not necessarily indicate a milder form of the disorder. In fact, early onset is associated with more severe symptoms and poorer outcomes. Option B is incorrect as childhood-onset schizophrenia is actually more prevalent in boys than girls. Option C is incorrect because hallucinations in childhood-onset schizophrenia are typically auditory or visual rather than tactile. Educationally, knowing these distinctions is vital for nurses working with children and adolescents. By understanding the unique presentation of schizophrenia in this population, healthcare providers can offer timely and appropriate care, support families, and collaborate effectively with mental health professionals to optimize outcomes for these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the treatment of enuresis (bedwetting) is crucial in promoting the child's physical and emotional well-being. The correct answer, D) having the child launder the soiled sheets, is not an appropriate treatment for enuresis. This option is punitive and can be damaging to the child's self-esteem and emotional health. A) enlisting the cooperation of the child is important as it empowers the child to be an active participant in their treatment, fostering a sense of responsibility and control. B) having the child void before retiring is a common recommendation to help reduce the likelihood of bedwetting episodes during the night by ensuring the bladder is emptied before sleep. C) using alarms is a behavioral intervention that helps the child wake up when they start to wet the bed, promoting awareness and potentially aiding in conditioning the child to recognize the need to wake up to void. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare providers to understand the sensitive nature of enuresis treatment in children. Approaches should be supportive, non-punitive, and focused on empowering the child to take an active role in their care. By explaining the rationale behind the correct and incorrect options, healthcare providers can make informed decisions when caring for children with enuresis, promoting effective and compassionate treatment strategies.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and mental health, understanding suicide risk factors and prevention strategies is crucial. The correct answer, option D, states that alcohol use is unrelated to suicide. This is correct because research consistently shows a strong correlation between alcohol use and increased suicide risk. Alcohol can lower inhibitions, impair judgment, and exacerbate underlying mental health issues, all of which can contribute to suicidal ideation and behavior. Option A states that 15–40% of completed suicides are preceded by attempts. This is true and highlights the importance of recognizing and addressing suicide attempts as warning signs for potential future risk. Option B mentions that there are 5–45% attempts for each suicide. While the exact ratio may vary, the general idea that there are more suicide attempts than completed suicides is accurate, emphasizing the need for intervention and support for individuals at risk. Option C suggests that access to guns increases the risk of suicide. This is also true, as firearms are a highly lethal means of suicide and easy access to them can lead to impulsive and irreversible actions. In an educational context, understanding these nuances is essential for nurses working with pediatric populations who may be at risk for suicide. By recognizing the risk factors, understanding the prevalence of suicide attempts, and addressing access to lethal means like firearms and the role of alcohol, nurses can play a vital role in suicide prevention and intervention efforts among children and adolescents.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the correct answer to this question is A) 99% of cases. Screening procedures are crucial in identifying lead-poisoned children because lead poisoning often presents with subtle or nonspecific symptoms that can easily be missed during routine clinical assessments. By relying on screening procedures, healthcare providers can detect lead exposure early, allowing for prompt intervention and prevention of further harm. Option B) 79% of cases, Option C) 59% of cases, and Option D) 39% of cases are incorrect because they underestimate the effectiveness of screening procedures in identifying lead-poisoned children. Lead poisoning can have serious long-term effects on a child's development, making early detection essential for providing appropriate care and support. In an educational context, understanding the importance of screening procedures for lead poisoning highlights the significance of preventive healthcare measures in pediatric nursing. By emphasizing the role of screening in identifying asymptomatic cases, nurses can advocate for regular lead screenings and educate parents and caregivers about the risks of lead exposure in children. This knowledge empowers healthcare professionals to take proactive steps in safeguarding children's health and well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) it is beneficial to give AV locally at the bite site. This statement is not true because antivenoms are not effective when given locally at the bite site. Antivenoms need to be administered systemically to neutralize the venom that has entered the bloodstream and spread throughout the body. Option A is incorrect because antivenoms are designed to neutralize circulating venom in the bloodstream, not just at the bite site. Option C is incorrect as most antivenoms are indeed given intravenously to ensure rapid distribution throughout the body. Option D is incorrect as skin tests can be reliable in determining a patient's sensitivity to antivenom before administration. In the field of pediatric nursing, understanding the correct administration of antivenoms is crucial when caring for children who have been bitten by venomous creatures. It is important for nurses to recognize the importance of systemic administration of antivenoms to effectively treat venom toxicity and prevent serious complications. Educating healthcare providers on the proper use of antivenoms can significantly impact patient outcomes and improve the quality of care provided to pediatric patients in such emergencies.