Scapula winging is caused by an injury to which one of the following nerves?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Long thoracic nerve. Scapula winging is primarily caused by injury to the long thoracic nerve, which innervates the serratus anterior muscle responsible for stabilizing the scapula against the thoracic wall. Damage to this nerve results in dysfunction of the serratus anterior, leading to abnormal scapular movement. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Radial nerve - primarily involved in elbow, wrist, and finger extension, not scapular stabilization. B: Suprascapular nerve - innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, not directly related to scapular winging. D: Axillary nerve - innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles, not directly involved in scapular stabilization.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clustering related cues. This critical thinking skill helps the nurse to see relationships among the data by grouping together related information. By clustering similar cues, the nurse can identify patterns, trends, and connections that may not be immediately obvious when data is scattered. This process aids in drawing meaningful conclusions and making informed decisions. Validation (choice A) involves confirming the accuracy and reliability of the data, not necessarily seeing relationships among them. Identifying gaps in data (choice C) focuses on recognizing missing information rather than analyzing relationships. Distinguishing relevant from irrelevant (choice D) is important in data analysis but does not specifically address the skill of seeing relationships among data.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decreased muscle spasm. Ultraviolet radiation does not directly affect muscle spasms. Increased vascularization (A) can occur as a response to UV exposure, cell protein changes (C) can be induced by UV radiation, and UV radiation can have a bactericidal (D) effect by damaging microbial DNA. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer as it does not align with the known effects of UV radiation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because in an outpatient setting for cold and flu symptoms, a focused or problem-centered history is appropriate to quickly assess the current issue. Step 1: Identify the presenting problem - cold and flu symptoms. Step 2: Gather specific information related to the issue. Step 3: Focus on relevant history questions to determine the cause and appropriate intervention. Other choices are incorrect because they may require a comprehensive history for long-term care (A), immediate intervention for severe shortness of breath (B), or pre-operative assessment for surgery (C).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Otosclerosis of the left ear. In otosclerosis, there is abnormal bone growth in the middle ear that affects sound conduction. In this case, bone conduction being greater than air on the left indicates a conductive hearing loss, which is consistent with otosclerosis. The Weber test showing the sound better on the left ear suggests a lateralization towards the affected ear, supporting the diagnosis. Incorrect choices: B: Exposure to chronic loud noise of the right ear would likely result in sensorineural hearing loss, not a conductive hearing loss as seen in this case. C: Otitis media of the right ear would also lead to conductive hearing loss, but the abnormal findings are consistent with left ear involvement, making this choice incorrect. D: Perforation of the right eardrum would result in a conductive hearing loss in the right ear, not the left ear as observed in this patient.