Sarah was 5 weeks old when she was diagnosed with CF. Her mother had a close cousin who died of CF when she was 14 years old. Sarah's parents were sad and concerned about Sarah's current life expectancy. What is the nurse's best response?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is option D: "Let's talk about your questions and concerns. We also have a parent support group that you may be interested in." This response is the best choice because it demonstrates empathy, active listening, and a patient-centered approach. It acknowledges the parents' emotional state, offers to address their questions and concerns, and provides additional support through a parent support group. This response shows the nurse's commitment to holistic care, considering not just the medical aspect but also the emotional and social needs of the family. Option A is incorrect because while it is true that the life expectancy for CF patients has improved, it does not directly address the parents' current emotional concerns. Option B is incorrect because it dismisses the parents' worries by implying that their child may not follow the same course as the cousin who died of CF, which may come across as insensitive. Option C is incorrect because it shifts the responsibility to the physician without addressing the immediate emotional needs of the parents. It is important for the nurse to provide support and guidance to the family during this difficult time. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of effective communication, empathy, and support in pediatric nursing. Nurses play a crucial role in providing not only medical care but also emotional support to families dealing with chronic illnesses like CF. Building rapport, addressing concerns, and offering resources for additional support are essential skills for pediatric nurses to ensure comprehensive care for both the patient and the family.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct immediate step in managing a 7-month-old infant with suspected foreign body aspiration is to give five back blows between the scapulae (Option B). This action is recommended by the American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics for infants under 1 year of age. Giving abdominal thrusts (Option A) is not recommended for infants as it can cause harm. Performing the Heimlich maneuver (Option C) is also not recommended for infants as it can be ineffective and potentially harmful. Giving oxygen inhalation (Option D) is not the immediate priority in this situation where airway obstruction is suspected. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to be familiar with the appropriate first aid interventions for foreign body aspiration in pediatric patients. Understanding the differences in managing airway obstruction in infants versus adults is essential to prevent further complications and provide timely and effective care. Nursing students preparing for the NCLEX exam need to grasp these critical pediatric respiratory emergency interventions to ensure safe and competent practice in clinical settings.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the treatment of malnutrition, the rehabilitation phase aims to achieve catch-up growth. This is the correct answer because during this phase, the focus shifts from simply providing adequate nutrition to promoting rapid growth and weight gain to make up for the period of malnutrition. Catch-up growth is essential to ensure that the child reaches their appropriate growth potential and developmental milestones. Option A, repairing cellular function, is not the primary goal of the rehabilitation phase. While improving cellular function is important, the main focus of this phase is on promoting growth and development. Option B, correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalance, is more related to the initial phases of treating malnutrition when stabilization and correction of imbalances take precedence. Option C, restoring homeostasis, is a more general concept and not the specific goal of the rehabilitation phase in treating malnutrition. Educationally, understanding the different phases of treating malnutrition is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. It is important for nurses to know the specific goals of each phase to provide effective care and monitor the child's progress accurately. Recognizing the significance of catch-up growth in the rehabilitation phase helps nurses tailor interventions to support optimal outcomes for children recovering from malnutrition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) 4 months. At around 4 months of age, infants typically develop the strength and control in their neck and upper body muscles to lift their head to a 90° angle when placed in a prone (on stomach) position. This milestone is an important indicator of the infant's gross motor development and is a crucial step towards achieving further motor skills, such as rolling over and eventually crawling. Option A) 1 month is too early for an infant to lift their head to a 90° angle. At this stage, most infants are still developing their neck muscles and have limited control over their head movement. Option B) 2 months is also premature for this milestone as infants are still in the early stages of building neck strength and control. Option C) 3 months is closer to the correct timeline, but most infants will not have the full capability to lift their head to 90° at this stage. Understanding the timeline of gross motor development in infants is crucial for pediatric nurses as it allows them to assess a child's growth and development accurately. By recognizing the expected milestones, nurses can identify any potential delays or concerns early on and provide appropriate interventions to support the child's progress.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) A way of the child to assume control. This behavior of Jillian having an imaginary friend named Jonjon and blaming him for misbehavior is likely a way for Jillian to assert control over her environment. Imaginary friends are common in preschoolers and can serve as a coping mechanism for children to navigate their emotions and situations they may not fully understand. By placing blame on Jonjon, Jillian may be trying to distance herself from negative behavior and attribute it to an external source, giving her a sense of control over her actions. Option A) A delay in moral development is incorrect because having an imaginary friend and assigning blame to them is a normal part of child development and does not necessarily indicate a delay in moral development. Option B) Impaired parent-child relationship is incorrect as there is no evidence in the scenario to suggest a strained relationship between Jillian and her parents. Option D) Inconsistent parental discipline strategies is incorrect as there is no information provided that links Jillian's behavior to inconsistent discipline from her parents. In an educational context, understanding the significance of imaginary friends and the role they play in children's development can help nurses and caregivers support children's emotional and cognitive growth. By recognizing these behaviors as normal and age-appropriate, adults can provide appropriate guidance and support to help children navigate their emotions and experiences effectively.