Sarah's parents wanted to have more children but were concerned about the possibility of other children being born with CF. They are referred to a geneticist and the nurse in that office is able to explain the inheritance of CF. She knows to explain that CF is an:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) autosomal-recessive trait passed on by both parents who are carriers and that each child has a 25% chance of having CF. Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused by inheriting two faulty CFTR genes, one from each parent. In an autosomal-recessive inheritance pattern, both parents are carriers of the faulty gene but do not exhibit symptoms of the disease themselves. When two carriers have a child, there is a 25% chance the child will inherit two faulty genes and have CF, a 50% chance the child will be a carrier like the parents, and a 25% chance the child will inherit two normal genes. Option A) is incorrect because CF is not an autosomal-dominant trait and is not passed on exclusively from the child's mother. Option B) is also incorrect as CF is not passed on exclusively by the child's father. It is essential for nurses and healthcare professionals working with families affected by genetic disorders like CF to have a clear understanding of inheritance patterns to provide accurate information and support. This knowledge enables them to educate families about the risks and probabilities associated with genetic conditions, empowering them to make informed decisions about family planning and healthcare management.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric respiratory disorders, understanding the concept of meningocele is crucial for nurses providing care to children with such conditions. The correct answer, option C, accurately describes meningocele as a sac formation containing meninges and spinal fluid. This definition is correct because a meningocele involves a protrusion of the meninges through a defect in the vertebrae, forming a sac that may contain cerebrospinal fluid. Option A, complete exposure of the spinal cord and meninges, is incorrect as it describes a condition known as myelomeningocele, where both the spinal cord and meninges protrude through a spinal defect. Option B, herniation of the spinal cord and meninges into a sac, is incorrect as it refers to a condition called meningomyelocele, where both the spinal cord and meninges herniate through the spinal defect. Option D, spinal cord tumor containing nerve roots, is incorrect as it describes a different entity altogether, not related to meningocele. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with neural tube defects, as accurate knowledge can guide appropriate interventions and care strategies to prevent complications and promote optimal outcomes for these patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the scenario of a child having a seizure, the correct action is to clear the area and position the client safely (Option D). This is the correct choice because during a seizure, it is important to ensure the safety of the patient by removing any objects that could harm them and positioning the child on their side to prevent aspiration and maintain an open airway. Option A is incorrect because inserting a padded tongue blade can cause more harm by damaging the teeth, gums, or oral tissues during a seizure. Option B is also incorrect as restraining the child can lead to injuries and exacerbate the situation. Option C is not the priority during a seizure, as the main focus should be on ensuring the child's safety and managing the seizure itself. From an educational standpoint, understanding the correct actions during a seizure in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses caring for children with respiratory disorders. Proper seizure management can prevent complications and ensure the safety and well-being of the child. Nurses must be trained to respond effectively to emergencies like seizures to provide optimal care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Eruption of central incisors begins. During the 6th month, infants typically start teething, with the central incisors being the first to emerge. The symptoms of irritability and increased salivation are common signs of teething in infants. This process can cause discomfort and changes in behavior. It is important for parents to be aware of these signs to provide appropriate comfort measures for the child. Option A) The child has many sores in his mouth and gums is incorrect because teething does not cause sores in the mouth and gums. Option B) This is a normal occurrence for children 6 months and below is too vague and does not specifically address the teething process. Option D) The mouth should be cleaned because of bacterial infection is incorrect as the symptoms described are typical for teething and not indicative of a bacterial infection. In an educational context, understanding the normal developmental milestones in infants, such as teething, is crucial for healthcare providers like nurses who care for pediatric patients. By recognizing the signs of teething and knowing how to support infants and their families during this process, nurses can provide optimal care and guidance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the case of Susie, a 9-year-old diagnosed with tracheoesophageal fistula, the correct symptom noted by the nurse would be excessive drooling and abdominal distention (Option B). This is because tracheoesophageal fistula is a congenital condition where there is an abnormal connection between the trachea and the esophagus, leading to issues with swallowing and respiratory distress. Excessive drooling occurs due to difficulty in swallowing, and abdominal distention can result from air entering the stomach through the abnormal connection. Option A, bile-stained vomiting, is not typically associated with tracheoesophageal fistula but could be seen in conditions like intestinal obstruction. Option C, projectile vomiting, is more commonly seen in conditions like pyloric stenosis. Option D, severe cyanosis and stridor, are symptoms that may be present in other respiratory disorders like epiglottitis or croup, but are not characteristic of tracheoesophageal fistula. Educationally, understanding the specific symptoms associated with different pediatric respiratory disorders is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. It helps in early identification of conditions, prompt intervention, and appropriate treatment. By knowing the unique signs and symptoms of each disorder, healthcare providers can provide efficient and effective care to improve patient outcomes.